وﺣﯽ ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ؛ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻏﯿﺮزﺑﺎﻧﯽ؟ (ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي ﺑﺸﺮي ﺑﻮدن اﻟﻔﺎظ ﻗﺮآن)

Quranic Revelation; Linguistic or Non-linguistic? The Critical Analysis of The Human Nature of the Qur'an’s Words

ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ وﺣﯽ و آﻧﭽﻪ در ﺟﺮﯾﺎن وﺣﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺒﺮ اﮐﺮم ﺻﻠﯽ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ واﻟﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ ﻧﺎزل ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪ، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺘﻔﮑﺮان ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺟﻠﺐ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺸﺮي ﺑﻮدن اﻟﻔﺎظ ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ، اﻧﮕﺎره اي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﺳﺪه ﭼﻬﺎرم ﻫﺠﺮي ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﺛﺒﺎت آن ﺑﻪ آﯾﺎت 192-196 ﺳﻮرۀ ﺷﻌﺮاء ﺗﻤﺴﮏ ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ. آﻧﺎن ﺑﺮآﻧﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺟﺮﯾﺎن وﺣﯽ، ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺪون ﺷﮑﻞ و ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺮ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺒﺮ اﮐﺮم ﺻﻠﯽ اﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ واﻟﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ ﻧﺎزل ﺷﺪه و اﯾﺸﺎن ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ دﻫﯽ و ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﮐﺮدن آن ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺒﺎدرت ورزﯾﺪه اﻧﺪ. از اﯾﻦ رو، ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﺤﻮۀ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ آﯾﺎت اﯾﻦ ﺳﻮره از ﺳﻮي ﺑﺎورﻣﻨﺪان ﺑﻪ اﻧﮕﺎرۀ ﺑﺸﺮي ﺑﻮدن اﻟﻔﺎظ ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ، ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ آﻧﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﻧﻘﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻧﮑﺎت ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رواﺑﻂ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ و ﻫﻢ ﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ در آﯾﺎت ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ در آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﻧﺰول ﻗﺮآن اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه و ﻧﺤﻮه ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺿﻤﺎﯾﺮ در زﺑﺎن ﻋﺮﺑﯽ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺳﯿﺎق آﯾﺎت ﺳﻮرۀ ﺷﻌﺮاء، ﻫﻤﮕﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن از ﻧﺎﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺑﻮدن اﻧﮕﺎرۀ ﺑﺸﺮي ﺑﻮدن اﻟﻔﺎظ ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ و ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ ﺑﻮدن ﺗﻤﺴﮏ ﺑﻪ آﯾﺎت ﺳﻮرۀ ﺷﻌﺮاء ﺑﺮاي اﺛﺒﺎت آن دارد.

The nature of the revelation and what was revealed during the revelation of the Prophet (pbuh) was the attraction of the Muslim thinkers. The humanity of the Quranic words is a idea that has been raised since the 4th century AH and some have sought to prove it to verses of Q26:196-192. However, during the revelation, only the meanings without form and style have been revealed to the Prophet (pbuh), and he has been made to formulate and word making those meanings. Therefore, at first we analyze and criticize the proof of the human nature of the Qur’an’s words, based on these verses. The attention to the verses such as the study of the paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations in the verses of the Holy Quran, in which they refer to the process of revelation of the Quran and the application of the pronouns in the Arabic language as well as the context of the al-Shuara surah, all indicate the incorrectness of the human nature of the Qur’an’s words and falsehood the human nature of the qur'an’s words to this verses for proving it.