ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ ورود اﺳﻼم ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺑﺰرگ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﻤﺪن اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ

The bilateral effect of entrance of Islam to grent khorasan from the perspective Iranian civilization

در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن، ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ از ﺣﻮزه ﺗﻤﺪﻧﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ. دوﻟﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﺮان ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺖ و ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺗﺎ ﺳﯿﺤﻮن را در ﻧﻈﺮ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ، ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﻼش ﺧﻮد را در ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﻣﺮزﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﺣﺪود اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽ دادﻧﺪ. ﺗﻼش ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﻫﯿﭻ ﮔﺎه آرﻣﺎن ﺣﻔﻆ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺪود ﻓﺮاﻣﻮش ﻧﻤﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. درﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن، ﺑﺨﺼﻮص در ﺳﯿﺤﻮن و ﺟﯿﺤﻮن ﮐﻢ ﮐﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي ﻫﻮﯾﺘﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﺣﺘﯽ آرﻣﺎﻧﯽ درﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ. آرﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ دﻓﺎع ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﻪ و ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ را در ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺤﻮن ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ داد و ﺟﻬﺎن آﺑﺎد و ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺷﺪه را در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻫﺠﻮم ﭘﯽ در ﭘﯽ ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي وﯾﺮاﻧﮕﺮ ﺻﺤﺮاﮔﺮدان ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﯽ ﮐﺮد. ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن، ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ آن در ﮔﺴﺘﺮه ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻣﯽ ﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﺎن ﻧﻘﺸﯽ را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه ﮔﯿﺮد ﮐﻪ ﭼﯿﻨﯽ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ دﯾﻮاري از ﺳﻨﮓ و آﺟﺮ ﺑﻪ درازاي ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﺰار ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم داده ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﻪ ﮐﻪ از ﻣﺮز، ﻧﮋاد و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ در اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺮاي دﻓﺎع از ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺗﺼﻮر ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪ، ﭘﺲ از ﺣﻤﻠﻪ اﻋﺮاب ﺷﮑﻞ ﺟﺪﯾﺪي ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ورود اﺳﻼم ﺑﻪ اﯾﺮان از ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﺗﺤﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﯾﺮان ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﻣﺎ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮاﺗﯽ دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ از ورود اﺳﻼم درﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﻼم در ﻓﺮاﺳﻮي ﺟﯿﺤﻮن و ﺳﻨﺪ، ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن را از ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺮزي درﺟﻪ اول دور ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎر ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن در ﺣﺎل ﭘﯿﺸﺮوي در آن ﺳﻮي ﺳﯿﺤﻮن ﻧﺒﻮد ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﮐﻮﭼﺮوان در ﺣﺎل ﺗﺼﺮف ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در واﻗﻊ ﭘﺲ از اﺳﻼم، ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﻧﻪ ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﻮد را داﺷﺖ و ﻧﻪ ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﻼم را ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان وﻻﯾﺘﯽ در داﺧﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ داده ﺑﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﭘﮋوهشگر ﮐﻮﺷﯿﺪه، از ﮐﻠﯿﺖ ﯾﮏ رواﯾﺖ، ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﻪ دوره ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ از ﮐﻠﯿﺖ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺘﻨﯽ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ، ﯾﮏ اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط ﮐﻠﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و اﺟﺰاء ﯾﮏ ﻣﺘﻦ آن ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط ﻧﺒﻮده اﺳﺖ. ازاﯾﻦ رو ﺳﯿﺮ ﮐﻠﯽ از زﻣﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻗﺒﻞ از ورود اﺳﻼم ﺑﻪ اﯾﺮان ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ آﻧﭽﻪ ﮐﻪ از اﺳﺎﻃﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﻮﺿﻮع و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮي ﯾﮑﭙﺎرﭼﻪ از روﻧﺪي را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ.

Khorasan to include an important part of Iranian civilization district in Iran in period of ancient an Iranian governments carry out efforts stabilizing the frontiers that place. They sometimes was unfulfilled but never forgotten the aim the preservation of there. Therefore the frontiers of Khorassan especially in Seyhun and Jeyhun gradually had be com of identity. Cultural and ideal frontiers. An Ideal that to demands the united and harmonious defense to maintenance of the cultivated and well-organized World against the attack of the nomads. Khorassan his crowd and culture. It wanted took over the role that to fulfilled china wall. This united project to include of the frontier, ethnicity and culture in Iran in period of ancient for defense of Khorasan frontiers to transformed with of Arab attack and entrance of Islam. Although the entrance of Islam to Iran was an affirmative change from a viewpoints but we can according to this article to realize bilateral effects of entrance of Islam. At this time didn't have ancient Geographical borders and Geographical of Islam world, but as a province in Iran the expansion of Islam in Beyond Oxus and sind, bring out Khorasan from to be as an important border. Now borders of had not Progress towards the beyond of Seyhun But nomads were capturing of Khorasan borders.