واﮐﺎوي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ - اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ زﯾﻦ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ اﺑﻮﺑﮑﺮ ﺗﺎﯾﺒﺎدي

در ﺑﺤﺒﻮﺣﻪ ي ﺣﻤﻼت ﻣﻐﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از آﺑﺎدي ﻫﺎي آن وﯾﺮان ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﻣﻐﻮﻻن ﺑﺮ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن در ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ و ﺗﺸﻮﯾﻖ ﺧﺎﻧﺪان ﻫﺎي دﯾﻮان ﺳﺎﻻر ﺧﺮاﺳﺎﻧﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﺪان ﺟﻮﯾﻨﯽ و ﻓﺮﯾﻮﻣﺪي ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از اﯾﻦ وﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ي اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﻫﺎ ﻇﻬﻮر ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ي ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ در وﻻﯾﺖ ﺑﺎﺧﺮز ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻮل و دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺣﯿﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن در وﻻﯾﺖ ﺑﺎﺧﺮز روي داد و ﻧﯿﺰ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ زﯾﻦ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ اﺑﻮﺑﮑﺮ ﺗﺎﯾﺒﺎدي ﮐﻪ در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﺤﻮل و دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﯽ ﻇﻬﻮر ﻧﻤﻮد ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﺻﻠﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺷﻔﺎﻫﯽ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺆاﻻت اﺳﺖ: ﻫﻮﯾﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﺗﺎﯾﺒﺎد ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ي ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﺧﺮزِ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ؟ ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ زﯾﻦ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ اﺑﻮﺑﮑﺮ ﺗﺎﯾﺒﺎدي ﭼﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﯽ در ﺣﯿﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن در ﻋﻬﺪ اﯾﻠﺨﺎﻧﺎن و ﻓﺘﺮت ﺑﯿﻦ آن ﻫﺎ و ﺗﯿﻤﻮرﯾﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ؟ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺎﯾﺒﺎد ﺑﺮ روي وﯾﺮاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي آﺑﺎدي «ﺗﻮي» در وﻻﯾﺖ ﺑﺎﺧﺮز در ﻋﻬﺪ ﻣﻐﻮل و اﯾﻠﺨﺎﻧﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪ و در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮي ﺧﺮاب ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮي آﺑﺎد و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﯾﺞ ﺗﺎﯾﺒﺎد و ﺗﺎﯾﺒﺎد ﻣﺴﻤﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. زﯾﻦ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ اﺑﻮﺑﮑﺮ ﺗﺎﯾﺒﺎدي از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﺨﺒﮕﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﺣﯿﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎﺧﺮز و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ آن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﯾﻔﺎ ﻧﻤﻮد. در اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ ي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و ﺳﯿﺮت ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺗﺎﯾﺒﺎدي اﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮوف و ﻧﻬﯽ از ﻣﻨﮑﺮ و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺤﻮري داﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﺼﯿﺤﺖ ﻣﻠﻮك و اﻣﺮا ﻧﻤﻮد ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. وي ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ي اﺗﺼﺎل و وﺣﺪت ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ و ﺻﻮﻓﯿﻪ ي ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن در زﻣﺎﻧﻪ اش ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ.

Many villages in Khorasan were destroyed due to attacks of Mongol. After their victory against Khorasan, many of destructions were recreated with the support and encouragement from big families like Khorasanian Divansalar including Joveini and Farumadi families. The results of this recreations were appearance of new cities with new identities including in Bakharz's area. So the investigation of this changes in the social life of Bakharz and the life of Zein O Din Abubakr e Taybadi, which co-occurred in these geographical and historical changes, is the purpose of this study. The method of investigation is using descriptive and analytical method with the emphasis on the original resources and verbal culture of Khorasan. The research questions are: How the identity of Taybad created in the Bakharz geographical area? What was the role of Molana Zein O Din Abubakr e Taybadi in the political and social life of Khorasan in the Ilkhani era and Between Ilkhan and Teymurian interval? The results of this research indicate that Taybad is rebuilt on the destroyed towns of Touy in the Bakharz area in the Monghol and Ilkhani era. The name was changed from Touy Kharab (destroyed Touy) to Touy Abad and later to Tayabad and Taybad. Zein O Din Abubakr e Taybadi was one of the scientists and Aref in Khorasan which played an important role in Political, cultural and social life of Bakhazar and later in Khorasan. Bidding the fair, forbidding the unfair, and advising for justice were key elements in political ideation and actual practices of Taybadi. These elements were actualized in advice given to kings and rulers. He was the unifying force among different religious movements and mystic groups of his time.