كليدواژه :
ﻣﻌﻤﺎري , ﻗﻬﺴﺘﺎن , ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن , ﻣﺴﺠﺪ , ﻗﻠﻌﻪ , آب انبار
چكيده فارسي :
ﻗﻬﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﻌﺮّب ﮐُﻬﺴﺘﺎن و ﻣﺨﻔﻒ ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﯽ ﭼﻮن ﻗﺎﯾﻦ، ﺗﺮﺷﯿﺰ، ﺧﻮاف، ﺑﺎﺧﺮز، ﮔﻨﺎﺑﺎد، ﻃﺒﺲ ﮔﯿﻠﮑﯽ، ﻃﺒﺲ ﻋﻨﺎب (ﻣﺴﯿﻨﺎن)، ﺑﺎﺧﺮز، ﺧﻮﺳﻒ، زام و زاوه ﺑﻮد. در واﻗﻊ ﺑﺨﺶ اﺻﻠﯽ آن را ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ و ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي، ﯾﺰد و اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ دادﻧﺪ و ﮐﺮﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ اﯾﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺎﯾﻦ ﺑﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و اداري ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ از آن ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﺎم واﺣﺪ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ و ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰي ﯾﺎد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻗﻬﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ (ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ در ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﻼﻗﯽ ﺷﺎﻫﺮاه ﺷﺮق ﺑﻪ ﻏﺮب و ﺷﻤﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﻮب)، ﮔﺴﺘﺮدﮔﯽ و ﺣﻀﻮر ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي ﻧﮋادي و ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن از دﯾﺮﺑﺎز ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻗﻬﺴﺘﺎن در آﻏﺎز دوره ي اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان دروازه ي ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن و ﮔﻠﻮﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﯾﺎﻻت ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن و ﮐﺮﻣﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرﻓﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻮرّﺧﺎن و ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯽ داﻧﺎن اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﮔﺰارﺷﺎت ﻣﻔﺼﻠﯽ از اوﺿﺎع اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ درﺑﺎره ﻣﻌﻤﺎري و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ آن اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮده اﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﭘﯽ ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮي ﮐﻠﯽ از ﻣﻌﻤﺎري اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ در ﺳﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺳﻮم ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻫﺠﺮي ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ي ﻣﺘﻮن ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ و ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎ و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آن (ﻣﮑﺎن و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ، ﻓﻀﺎي داﺧﻠﯽ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﻨﺎ، ﻧﻮع ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﻤﺎري از آﺛﺎر ﻣﻌﻤﺎري اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ) ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. در واﻗﻊ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻼﺷﯽ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻣﻬﻢ ﮐﻪ، ﻧﻘﺶ و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻣﻌﻤﺎري در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ي ﻗﻬﺴﺘﺎن از ﻗﺮن ﺳﻮم ﺗﺎ ﻗﺮن ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻫﺠﺮي ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ؟ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺶ رو ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ
چكيده لاتين :
Qoohestan is the Arabic of Kohestan and is the short form of Kuhestan and it includes regions such as Ghaein, Tarshiz, khaf,Bakharz, Gonabad, Tabas Gilaki,Tabas Anab (mesinan) ,Bakharz, Khosf, Zam and Zave. It’s main parts of course, are south Khorasan and some cities of Khorosan –E-razavi, Yazd and the present Isfahan and cnnter of this state was Ghaein. In spite of being a part of great Khorasan in its political and official structure, its mentioned a geographically unique and independent part on its own. For natural reasons, it’s geographical condition (in strategic location of cross way of north, south, east and west), the presence of different religious and racial groups in this region has always been of importance. Qohestan in the beginning of Islamic era was known as the gate of Khorasan and was considered an important way to control states such as Khorasan, Sistan and Kerman and hence was of importance to Islamic geographical and historical experts who gave detailed reports of this region’s architecture and its elements. This research is an attempt to depict a general image of the architecture of this region in the third to the fifth century .A.H based on historical and geographical texts while paying attention to its different elements (location and situation, internal and external atmosphere, the propose of the building,typs of material and an introduction to some notable works of architecture). This research is an attempt to answer an important question which is, what was the role and the situation of architecture in Qoahestan region from the third to the fifth century .A.H based on historical sources? The present research is based on an analytical-definitional approach and has been conducted based on library sources.
