تجسم جامعه در معماري: بررسي معماري آسياب‌ هاي روستاي حسن آباد سبزوار

The embodiment of society in architecture: Anthropological view on the architecture of the village of Hasan Abad in Sabzevar

ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﮥ ﯾﮏ دﺳﺘﺎورد ﺑﺸﺮي، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺪﯾﺪه اي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﻄﺮح اﺳﺖ؛ ازاﯾﻦ رو ﻣﺤﻤﻠﯽ ﻏﻨﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺴﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ و ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ آورد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن، آﺳﯿﺎب ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻋﺎم ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻣﺮدم اﯾﺮان و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺧﺎص ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﻣﺮدﻣﯽ و ﺑﻮﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ دﻻﻟﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ از ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺧﻮد اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آﺳﯿﺎب ﻫﺎي ﯾﮑﯽ از روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﺳﺒﺰوار ﮐﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ آﺳﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﯽ وﯾﮋه اي دارد، درﺻﺪد اﺳﺖ ﺧﻮاﻧﺸﯽ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ از ﻣﻌﻤﺎري اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎزه ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ دﻫﺪ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از روش ﻣﺮدم ﻧﮕﺎري، ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ و ﺑﺤﺚ از ﺳﺎزه ﻣﺬﮐﻮر و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ارزش ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﺎري آن، ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري آﺳﯿﺎب ﻫﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد. ﭼﻨﺎﻧﮑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان از ﻣﻔﻬﻮم درون ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﯾﺎﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻨﺎ را ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ، در اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﯾﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ درون ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ در آﺳﯿﺎب ﻫﺎي ﻣﺰﺑﻮر ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮ از ﻫﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﺮﺗﻨﺶ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﮥ ﮐﻮﯾﺮ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﭘﻨﻬﺎن ﮐﺎري ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ارزش ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ در اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ و ﻋﻤﻞ آﺳﯿﺎﺑﺎن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﻮد.

Architecture as a human achievement is considered as a cultural phenomenon. Hence, it provides a rich duct for anthropologists and sociologists to understand cultures and societies. Meanwhile, mills in general as a part of the culture of the iranian people and in particular as one of the iranian vernacular architecture structures can provide specific cultural and social implications of their societies and culture. The present study seeks to display a cultural and social reading of the architecture of this structure by focusing on the study of the mills in one of the southern villages of Sabzevar, which has a special prominence in the field of milling culture. In this regard, it also attempts to introducing and discussing the mentioned structure and some architectural values, identify and conceptualize the main organizer of the architecture of the mills, by using the ethnographic method. As the results of this study suggest, we can use the concept of introversion as a concept that explains the organization of the building here. Regarding social and cultural explanation of this concept, results of this study implies that introversion in mentioned mills more than any factor can be analyzed with the tension in rural societies structure at desert margins and spreading secrecy as a cultural value in the thought and action of the miller.