مفهوم ايمان از ديدگاه محمد غزالي و مارتين لوتر

The Concept of Faith from the Viewpoint of Mohammad Ghazzālī and Martin Luther

در اﻟﻬﻴﺎت اﺳﻼﻣﻲ و ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻲ اﻳﻤﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ اﺳﺖ، ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮر اﻣﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻌﺎدت اﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ و ﺟﺎوداﻧﮕﻲ را ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ و ﻟﻄﻒ اﻟﻬﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻗﻠﺐ آدﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺗﻮاﻓﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺧﻮديِ ﺧﻮد را ﻓﺮاﻣﻮش ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﺧﻮد را ﻣﻘﻬﻮر ﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ، و در ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻲ دﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﻫﻤﺔ اﺑﻌﺎد وﺟﻮدي ﺟﻠﻮه ﮔﺮ ذات ﺣﻖ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد. ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻏﺰاﻟﻲ و ﻣﺎرﺗﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﺗﺮ دو ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ و اﻧﺪﻳﺸﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ و ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬار در ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﻼم و ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻴﺖ اﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻲ از ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻳﻤﺎن در آﺛﺎرﺷﺎن ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ آﺛﺎر اﻳﻦ دو درﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻳﻤﺎن در اﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ آﻧﺎن ﻋﺒﺎرت اﺳﺖ از ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ و درﺳﺘﻲ ﻗﻠﺐ درﺑﺎرة ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ و ﻟﻄﻒ اﻟﻬﻲ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر رﺳﺘﮕﺎري و ﻧﺠﺎت، ﺑﺮ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻓﺮد ارزاﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد. اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺸﺘﺮك آﻧﺎن در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ اﺳﺖ.

In Islamic and Christian theology faith is defined as an inner assent.This assent, as a divine grace, grants to man's heart the hope of being blessed in this mundane world and eternal happiness in the Hereafter.As a result, man loses his selfishness and submits his desires to God'swill and commands, moreover, when he reaches a higher place, God’swill would be manifested in his all existential aspects. Muhammad Ghazzālī and Martin Luther, as two influential Islamic and Christian thinkers, look at faith as such. By referring to their theological works,this essay reaches the conclusion that according to them faith is an inner assent which is given to man’s heart as a divine gift and grace. In this respect both thinkers have a common view.