جان ميلتون و اخلاق زناشويي مسيحي

John Milton and Christian Marital Love

ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﻮﻟﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺮوي از ﻋﻬﺪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑـﻪ راﺑﻄـﺔ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ دارد. از ﻳﻚ ﺳـﻮي، ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﺎدي ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﺴﻴﺢ و ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎ، ﮔﺴﺴﺖ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ و از آﻳـﻴﻦ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﻘـﺪس ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎ ﻣﻲ داﻧﺪ و از ﺳﻮي دﻳﮕﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ را راﺑﻄﺔ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻤﺮد و اﻳﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ را ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻧﻴﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ و ﺑﺪون ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﮕﻴﺰة ﻟﺬت ﺧﻮاﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺮوع ﻣﻲ داﻧﺪ. رﻫﺒﺮان ﻧﻬﻀﺖ ﭘﺮوﺗﺴـﺘﺎن ﻣﻨﻜـﺮ ارزش آﻳﻴﻨﻲ ازدواج ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ راﺑﻄﺔ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﻧﮕﺮش ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻲ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺟﺎن ﻣﻴﻠﺘﻮن در ﺑﻬﺸﺖ ﮔﻤﺸﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت از دﻳﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺴﻴﺤﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﻮﻟﻴﻚ درﺑﺎرة راﺑﻄﺔ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ اﻧﺘﻘﺎد ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﺑـﺎ ﻃـﺮح اﻳـﻦ اﻳﺪه ﻛﻪ اﺳﺎس راﺑﻄﺔ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ «ﻋﺸﻖ» ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻲ، ﻫﻢ ﻓﻜﺮي و ﻫﻤﺪﻟﻲ اﺳﺖ و ﻧـﻪ ر اﺑﻄـﺔ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ، و ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﺸﻖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ، از دﻳﺪﮔﺎه رﻫﺒﺮان ﻧﻬﻀـﺖ اﺻـﻼح دﻳﻨـﻲ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ ﻣﻲرود.

Catholicism, inspired by New Testament, has a dual view about marital love. On the one hand it regards the unio‎n of a man and his wife as the symbol of the eternal unio‎n of Christ and Church deals with it as a sacrament, on the other hand, it regards sexual relation as the base of this unio‎n and accepts its legitimacy only for the purpose of reproduction without any pleasure-seeking intention. Protestant leaders denied marriage as a religious sacrament but had a positive view about marital sexual relations. In Paradise Lost John Milton criticizes the catholic view vigorously. He says love, as emotional attachment and empathy not sexual relation, is the base of marital relationship and believes that true marital love has a transcending effect on the lover. Therefore one can say that Milton’s views about marital love are even more positive than the views of the leaders of the Reformation.