آداب و احكام ازدواج در دين هندويي

Marriage Laws and Ceremonies in Hinduism

اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ دو ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻠّﯽ اﺣﮑﺎم و آداب ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳـﺖ: در ﺑﺨـﺶ اول ﯾﻌﻨـﯽ اﺣﮑﺎم ازدواج ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺻﺤّﺖ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻧﮑﺎح، رواﺑﻂ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﺋﯽ، ﺗﮑﺎﻟﯿﻒ زن و ﻣـﺮد ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ، ﻣﺤﺮّﻣﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ازدواج و زﻧﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ازدواج در ﻫﻤﮥ ادﯾﺎن از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ زﯾـﺎدي ﺑﺮﺧـﻮردار اﺳـﺖ، در دﯾـﻦ ﻫﻨـﺪوﺋﯽ ﻧﯿـﺰ اﺣﮑﺎم ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آن در ﺷﻤﺎر اوﻟﯿﻦ و ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﺣﮑﺎم ﺷﺮﻋﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣـﯽ ﮔﯿـﺮد؛ ﭼﺮا ﮐـﻪ ازدواج ﻧﻘـﺶ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه اي در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﺮدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن اﯾﻔﺎ و رواﺑﻂ اﻓﺮاد را در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﺨﺶ دوم ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ آداب ازدواج اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دارد و آداب و رﺳﻮم در دوره ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ دورۀ وداﻫﺎ و دورۀ ﺳﻮﺗﺮه ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ. در اﯾـﻦ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﻣﺮاﺳـﻢ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط ﺑـﻪ روز ﻋﺮوﺳﯽ، ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﮕﺎري و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب روز ﻓﺮﺧﻨﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﮕﺎري ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

This article is arranged in two main sections: the first part examines some injunctions of marriage such as: contract of matrimony and its veracity, the relations of spouses in matrimony, their obligations with each other, forbidden cases of the marriage, and adultery. Since marriage possesses a high significance in all religions, precepts of marriage are among the most important religious rules in Hinduism too. Marriage has a determinative role in individual and social situation of men and regulates their relations in society. The second part is allotted to ceremonies of marriage in different eras like Sutra and Vedic time. In this section, ceremonies of wedding, marriage proposal and choosing a blessed day for wedding are considered.