عدم اعتبار اقرار غيرقضايي در امور كيفري

Non-Reliability of Non-Jural Admission in Penal Cases

گرچه در پذيرش اقرار غير قضايي در امور مدني، اختلاف نظري ديده نمي شود، در پذيرش چنين اقراري در امور كيفري اختلاف نظر وجود دارد. اين اختلاف بر مبناي نظام قانوني است وگرنه بر مبناي نظام ادله معنوي تفاوتي ميان اقرار قضايي و غير قضايي نيست؛ زيرا ارزشگذاري ادله توسط قاضي صورت مي گيرد و در اين نظام اين قاضي است كه ارزش اقرار قضايي و غير قضايي را روشن مي سازد. عدم اعتبار اقرار غير قضايي در امور كيفري، هم مي تواند ناشي از نبودن مقتضي براي پذيرش چنين اقرار باشد و هم مي تواند مستند به موانعي باشد كه مهمترين آنها قيد عند الامام» در روايات است. به نظر مي رسد اقرار غير قضايي در امور مدني بسيار خطير نيز پذيرفته نيست.

Though there is no disagreement in acceptance of non-jural admission in civil cases, there is some disagreement about acceptance of such an admission in penal cases. This disagreement is based on the kind of legal system; since, according to the system of spiritual proof (which is based on the judge’s conscience), there is no difference between jural and nonjural admissions; here, it is the judge who evaluates proofs and it is, again, the judge who clarifies the value of jural and non-jural admissions. Non-reliability of non-jural admission in penal cases may be a result of the fact that there is no requirement to accept such an admission and, at the same time, it may be a result of obstacles the most important of which is the term “‘ind al-Imam” in hadiths. It seems that non-jural admission cannot be accepted in very important civil cases as well.