نقش و جايگاه صديق در جماعت حسيدي

The Function of Zaddik in Hasidic Community

حسيديسم، آخرين جنبش عرفاني در تاريخ يهوديت است كه در نيمۀ دوم قرن هيجدهم ميلادي ظهور و گسترش يافت. صديق، محور و كانون جماعت حسيدي، و بارزترين وجه تمايز عرفان حسيدي از ديگر گرايش هاي عرفاني در فرهنگ يهو د است. در عرفان حسيدي صديق انسان كامل و واسطۀ بين خداوند و حسيد يا مريد مي باشد، به اين معنا كه براي گناهان مريدان خود شفاعت مي كند، دعاها و عبادات آنها را به بارگاه خداوند انتقال مي دهد و از سوي ديگر فيض و رحمت الهي نيز از طريق او به مريدان مي رسد. پس صديق پير و رهبر است . البته رفتار و كردار او بيشتر از تعاليم و موعظه هاي او مورد توجه حسيدان است. صديق از قداست فراوان و شخصيتي فرّه مند برخوردار است كه نتيجۀ مقام معنوي و قرب او به بارگاه الوهي است، نه دانش او دربارۀ تورات و شريعت.

Hasidism, the last mystical movement in Judaism, emerged and developed in the second half of the 18th century C.E. Tsaddiq or Zaddikis the cornerstone of Hasidic community and as a concept, it is the distinguishing quality of Hassidic mysticism compared with other Jewish mystical trends. In Hasidism, Zaddik is a perfect man who intercedes with god on behalf of his followers and conveys their prayers to Him. He is believed to be a channel from God to men, through which the divine grace flows and brings blessings to his followers. Zaddik is the teacher and spiritual leader of the community. His followers pay more attention to his acts and behavior than what he teaches and preaches. Zaddik is believed to be highly holy and enjoys a charismatic personality, which is not resulted from his knowledge of Torah and religious precepts, but from his spiritual state and his proximity to god.