بررسي و نقد كتاب تاريخ عرب در دوران اسلامي؛ سيرة نبوي

Review of the book "Arab History in Islamic Era" – Sire Nabavi

ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﺔ آﺛﺎر ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه درﺑﺎرة ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ، و ﺗﻤﺪن اﺳﻼﻣﻲ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻳﻚﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ و ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺗﺮازوي ﻧﻘﺪ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. در اﻳـﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ، ﻛﺘﺎب ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻓﻲ اﻻﺳﻼم اﺛﺮ ﻣﻮرخ ﻧﺎﻣﻮر ﻋﺮاﻗﻲ ﺟﻮاد ﻋﻠـﻲ، ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر داداش ﻧﮋاد ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻋﺮب در دوران اﺳـﻼﻣﻲ؛ ﺳـﻴﺮة ﻧﺒـﻮي ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﺪه، ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﻧﻘﺪ ﺻﻮري و ﻣﺤﺘـﻮاﻳﻲ ﺷـﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻛﺘﺎب ﭘﺎره اي ﻧﻘﺎﻳﺺ و ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎ دارد از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ: اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻛﻠـﻲ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي آن، ﮔﺎه ﺣﺼﺮ ﺑﻴﻨﺶ و روش ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻧﮕﺮي و ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻧﮕﺎري ﻣﺆﻟـﻒ در ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮب ﻫﺎي ﺻﺮﻓﺎ ً آﻛﺎدﻣﻴﻚ و ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﺛﺒـﺎت ﮔﺮاﻳـﻲ ﺗـﺎرﻳﺨﻲ (ﭘﻮزﻳﺘﻴﻮﻳﺴـﻢ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ)، ﻧﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺪون ذﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ و ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻫـﺎي ﺑـﺪون ﻧﻘـﺪ، و ﭘـﺎره اي اﺑﻬﺎﻣﺎت در ﻣﺘﻦ. ﺟﺰ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮاد و ﻣﺴـﺘﻨﺪات ﻣﺘﻨـﻮع و ﻣــﺘﻘﻦ ﺗــﺎرﻳﺨﻲ و ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴــﺔ آن ﻫﺎ، ﺑﻬــﺮه ﮔﻴــﺮي از ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘــﺎت ﻟﻐــﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ و زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، و ﻧﻘـﻞ و ﻧﻘـﺪ آراي ﻣﺴﺘﺸـﺮﻗﺎن اﺳـﺖ ﻣﺆﻟـﻒ ﺑـﺎ اﻧﮕﻴـﺰه و ﻫـﺪف ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ و ﻛﺸﻒ واﻗﻌﻴﺖ در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﺳﻼم ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ و ﻧﻮﭘﺮدازي ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﻫﺎي دﻗﻴﻖ و ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎﻧﻪ اي از زﻧﺠﻴﺮة روﻳﺪادﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﺳـﺖ داده اﺳﺖ. وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي اﺧﻼق ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﭘﺮﻫﻴـﺰ از ﺗﻌﺼـﺐ، ﻓﺮوﺗﻨـﻲ، و ﺗﻮاﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ و ﻧﻘﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮي از دﻳﮕﺮ اﻣﺘﻴﺎزﻫﺎ و ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي ﻛﺘﺎب اﺳﺖ.

During last two centuries, numerous researches about Islamic history, culture and civilization in form of books and articles are published by Muslim and non-Muslim researchers. Although each of them have thrown light on angles of bygone Islamic culture and civilization, all publication do not have the same scientific validity and should be criticized precisely. In this article, the book “Arab History in Islamic Era” by Javad Ali, famous Iraqi thinker and historian, which is translated to Persian by Mansur Dadash Nejad, is reviewed formally and contently. In summary, some deficits and shortcoming such as lack of compliance of title with content, confine method of historiography in mere academic context and school of historical positivism, bringing some unsourced quotes and contents or citation without verification and some ambiguities in text. In contrast, contents of book are based on diverse and firm historical materials and documents and comparison between them, philology and linguistic researches is utilized, and there are quotations and criticisms of orientalists. The author motivated and aimed to discovering truth, has studied and analyzed history of Islam that is yielded precise and wise innovations and punctiliousness of chain of events. Author’s ethical characteristics like avoiding prejudice, courtesy and scientific humility, and accepting criticism are the other privileges of the book.