بررسي و نقد ترجمه كتاب «روش ‌هاي ميداني در باستان ‌شناسي»

A Review of the Translation of Field Methods in Archaeology

در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻛﺘﺎب ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ در ﺣﻮزه ي ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻘﺪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ و اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻛﺘﺎب اﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﻤﻲ ﭘﺮدازد، ﻛﻪ در ﻧﻮع ﺧﻮد ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮي ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻫﺪف از آن، ﺑﻴﺎن ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎ و اﺑﻬﺎﻣﺎﺗﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻧﺴﺨه ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﺪه دﻳﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. ﻣﺸﻜﻼت و ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﺟﻤه ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺤـﺚ در ﭼﻨـﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ و ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤه ﻏﻴﺮ دﻗﻴﻖ، ﺗﺮﺟﻤه ﻧﺎﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻳﺎ اﺷﺘﺒﺎه، ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ دﺷﻮار و ﻧﺎﻫﻢ ﺧﻮاﻧﻲ در ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ. اﻳﺮاد اﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﺘﺎب، ﺗﺮﺟﻤه واژه ﺑـﻪ واژه ﻳـﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻠﻔﻈﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻤه ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي اﻳـﻦ ﻗﻠـﻢ، آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ درك و درﻳﺎﻓﺖ درﺳﺖ از ﻣﻮﺿﻮع و ﻣﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﻛﺘـﺎب، از دﻳﮕـﺮ اﻳﺮادات ﺟﺪي ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪد، ﻧﺸﺎن داده و ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از دﻳﮕﺮ اﻳﺮادات ﻛﺘﺎب، ﻛﺎرﺑﺴﺖ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻧﻬﺎده ﻫﺎي اﺷﺘﺒﺎه، ﻧﺎآﺷﻨﺎ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ اﺷﺘﺒﺎه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪه ﺳﻮدﻣﻨﺪي و اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري ﻛﺘﺎب ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪه ي ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ زﺑـﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺮﺳﺪ. ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ، ﭼﺎپ و اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻲ از اﻳﻦ دﺳﺖ، ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨـﻴﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺖ ﻧـﺎزﻟﻲ، از ﺳﻮي اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات «ﺳﻤﺖ» ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺄﻣﻞ اﺳﺖ.

This paper critically reviews the Farsi translation of a book entitled Field Methods in Archaeology. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and discuss the quality of the Farsi translation by presenting some of the shortcomings and misunderstanding frequently occurred in the translated book. These shortcomings are classified, exemplified and discussed by numerous sentences, phrases, and technical and ordinary terms and words as well. The main arguments are discussed under the following subjects: imprecise translation, vague or wrong translation, difficult reading and inconsistencies in translation. Perhaps, the most obvious problem of the reviewed book is verbatim or literal translation. Lacking rightful and clear understanding of the original text is another major problem of the translated book. Using wrong, improper, or vague equivalents is still a further problem of the book under review. These subjects have been exemplified by many examples.