نقدي بر كتاب «باستان شناسي ماد»

Book review “Median Archaeology”

دوره ﻣﺎد از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ادوار ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ اﻳﺮان ﺑﺸﻤﺎر ﻣﻲ رود. زﻳــﺮا در اﻳــﻦ دوره اﻗــﻮام اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ/آرﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ در ﻏﺮب اﻳﺮان ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪﻧـﺪ. اﻳﻦ دوﻟﺖ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﭘﻴﺪاﻳﺶ و ﺷﻜﻮﻓﺎﻳﻲ اﻣﭙﺮاﺗﻮري ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸـﻲ را ﻓـﺮاﻫﻢ ﻧﻤـﻮد و ﺑﺴـﻴﺎري از اﺻﻮل ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ داري، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ و ﺑﻄﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻨﻴﺎدﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺪﻧﻲ را ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ دﻳﮕﺮي از اﻳﺮاﻧﻴﺎن ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ. از اﻳﻦ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻤﺒﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ، ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎً اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ و آﺛﺎر ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﻲ در دﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﺒﺐ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ از دوره ﻣﺎد در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ﻣﺎدﭘﮋوﻫـﺎن ﻗـﺮار ﻧﺪاﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و داﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎن رﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ از ﺑـﺪو ﺗﺎﺳـﻴﺲ اﻳـﻦ رﺷـﺘﻪ ﻣﺘﻜـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﺰوات ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪه اي ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻧﺎﻗﺺ و ﺗﻜﺮاري در اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﺷﺎن ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻛﺘﺎب ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ دوره ﻣﺎد ﺧﻸ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ اﻳـﻦ دوره را ﺗـﺎ ﺣـﺪود زﻳﺎدي ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮد و ﺑﺮاي داﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎن رﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ را ﺑﻮﺟﻮد آورد ﺗﺎ در ﻳﻚ ﻣﺠﻠﺪ، ﻛﻠﻴﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ دروس ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﺎد ﺷﺪه را ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻗـﺮار دﻫﻨﺪ. ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﺬﻛﻮر داراي اﻣﺘﻴﺎزات ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮد ﺿـﻤﻦ ﺑﺮﺷـﻤﺎري و ﻳﺎدآوري آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ اﺷﺎره ﺷـﻮد ﺗـﺎ ﻧﻮﻳﺴـﻨﺪه ﻛﺘـﺎب ﺿـﻤﻦ ﺑـﺎزﺑﻴﻨﻲ در ﭼﺎپ ﻫﺎي آﺗﻴﻪ، در ﺻﻮرت ﺻﻼﺣﺪﻳﺪ، از اﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدات ﻧﻴﺰ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ.

Median age is of the most important historical periods of Iran. Because in the course of Iranian / Aryan groups were able to form a government in the West of modern Iran for the first time. This government provided the context of the emergence and flourishing of the Achaemenid Empire and transferred generally to another branch of Iranian many of the principles of governance, social, religious and civilizational foundations. Information of this government is limited due to lack of historical documentation sources, notably Iranian and archaeological evidences. These factors caused not be ready a significant publication from Median period available to archaeologists and Median scholars. Thus, students of archeology were reliant on dispersed pamphlets thatprovided such incomplete and duplicate since establishment of this academic field. Publication ofMedian archaeology is largely filled the lack of archeology of this period and created opportunity for archeology students to study all information related to the Syllabus of Median archaeology. The book has many advantages that we will try to enumerates and remind them and also point out some shortcomings. In order to benefit the author these suggestions, in case of discretion, in the future edition of the book.