تاثير غلظت، شكل فيزيكي و شيميايي منابع كود ازته بر صفات كيفي برگ توت و عملكرد كرم ابريشم

Effect of concenttration, physical and chemical forms of nitrogen fertilizers on qualitative characteristics of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf and silkworm performance

اين آزمايش به منظور بررسي تاثير منابع مختلف كود ازته در توتستان، بر كيفيت برگ توت و صفات پيله كرم ابريشم، در قالب طرح كاملاً تصادفي با سيزده تيمار و سه تكرار براي هر تيمار انجام شد. هر تكرار شامل ده اصله درخت توت بود. سه فاكتور شامل دو نوع كود به عنوان فاكتور A (اوره و سولفات آمونيوم) هر كدام به دو شكل فيزيكي به عنوان فاكتور B (جامد و مايع) و هر يك در سه سطح به عنوان فاكتور C (12 تركيب تيماري) به همراه تيمار شاهد (بدون استفاده از كود) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. كودهاي جامد چهل روز قبل از شروع پرورش كرم ابريشم، در عمق سي سانتي متري خاك مخلوط شد. كود مايع هم به صورت محلول ، 48 ساعت قبل از پرورش كرم ابريشم، روي برگها پاشيده شد. برگهاي هر يك از اين سيزده تيمار مورد استفاده لاروهاي كرم ابريشم قرار گرفت. نتايج نشان داد كه غلظت، شكل فيزيكي، و شيميايي منابع كود ازته، باعث بهبود بيشتر صفات كيفي و مواد مغذي برگ توت مي شود؛ اما اين تاثير معني دار نبود (0/05≤P). برگهاي كوددهي شده با كود اوره محلول به غلظت 0/5 گرم در ليتر داراي بيشترين ازت، پروتئين، فسفر، و پتاسيم بودند كه با نتايج مربوط به تغذيه لاروهاي كرم ابريشم با برگ توت نيز همخواني داشت.

This experiment was conducted in order to investigation on the effect of different sources of nitrogen on the quality of mulberry leaves and silkworm cocoon yield based on a completely randomized design with thirteen treatments and three replications for each treatment. Each replication was included ten mulberry trees. Three factors included two fertilizer types as factor A (urea and ammonium sulfate), each fertilizer in two physical forms as factor B (solid and liquid) and each item included three levels as factor C (12 treatment arrangments) with the control treatment (without fertilizer) were used in this experiment. Solid fertilizers were used forty days before the beggining of silkworm rearing, were mixed under 30 cm soil depth. As well as liquid fertilizer solution, 48 hours before the silkworm rearing was sprayed on the mulberry leaves. Each of the thirteen treated leaves was used for feeding of silkworm larvae. the result showed the concentration, the physical and chemical form of nitrogen fertilizer resources, improved the quality and nutritional characteristics of mulberry leaves; however, this effect was not significant (P≥0.05). Leaf fertilization with urea solution with concentration of 5.0 grams per liter, resulted to the highest nitrogen, protein, phosphorus, and potassium, and these the results were similar with obtained results of silkworm larvae fed with these treated mulberry leaves. The moisture content of mulberry leaves treated with the same level of fertilization was very good. Silkworm larvae fed with thirteen mulberry leaves tratments showed that the concentration, the physical and chemical form of nitrogen fertilizer sources, had significant effect on the silkworm performance (P˂0.05). Five grams of urea Solution per liter had the highest performance for number of good cocoons, number of produced cocoons, the percentage of good cocoons, the cocoons weight and shell weight of male and female cocoons, and pupation rate in comparision with the other treatments (P˂0.05).