كليدواژه :
بومي سازي , دستكاري , دولت اصولگرا , ايدئولوژي
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺳﺎزي، ﭼﻨﺎن ﮐﻪ وﻧﻮﺗﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻮﯾﺪ، ﺷﯿﻮة ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ در ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺪرﺗﻤﻨﺪي ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ-اﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ راﻫﺒﺮد ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ اي در ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻧﻔﻮذ دﻻﯾﻞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي دارد و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮥ اﻋﻤﺎل آن آﺛﺎر ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺗﺮ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽِ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ رﯾﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﻣﺘﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻠﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ »ﺷﻔﺎف« و »آﺷﻨﺎ« ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﺳﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در ﭘﯽ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ دﻻﯾﻞ دﯾﮕﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺪﯾﺪة ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺳﺎزي ﺑﭙﺮدازد. ﻫﺪف ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺳﺎزي در زﻣﺎن ﺗﺼﺪي دوﻟﺘﯽ »اﺻﻮﻟﮕﺮا« در اﯾﺮان دوران ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، دﺳﺘﮑﺎري ﻫﺎي اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪه از ﻃﺮف دوﻟﺖ در ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ دوران را اﺑﺰار ﮐﺎر ﺧﻮد ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ روﺷﻦ ﺗﺮي از ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺳﺎزي دوﻟﺘﯽ و دﻻﯾﻞ و اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آورد. ازاﯾﻦ رو، ﻣﺘﻦ اﺻﻠﯽ و ﻣﺘﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﺪة ﭼﻬﺎر رﻣﺎن اﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺎرت اﯾﻦ دوﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﻣﻮارد ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﻪﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮﮐﺸﯿﺪهﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ رﻣﺎنﻫﺎ در اﺛﺮ ﻧﻈﺎرت دوﻟﺖ و ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ دﺳﺘﮑﺎري ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻧﺰدﯾﮏﺗﺮ ﺷﺪه و ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺑﻮﻣﯽﺳﺎزي در آﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ازاﯾﻦ رو، اوﻻً ﺑﻮﻣﯽﺳﺎزي ﭘﺪﯾﺪهاي ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻧﻔﻮذﺗﺮ، ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ-اﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ، ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﻆ ﺛﺒﺎت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺧﻮد و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﯿﮕﺎﻧﻪ از آن ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎً ﺑﻮﻣﯽﺳﺎزي ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﻗﺪرت و در اﺛﺮ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ راﻫﺒﺮدي ﻏﺎﻟﺐ در ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﻮد
چكيده لاتين :
Domestication, as noted by Venuti, is the dominant translation strategy in powerful cultures such as the Anglo-American culture. This strategy has political, cultural and economic motivations in such dominant cultures and when applied, the cultural products of smaller countries are framed according to the cultural standards of the target culture; consequently, texts are manipulated in such a way that they seem ‘transparent’ and ‘familiar’. The present paper intends to introduce other motivations for the phenomenon called ‘domestication’. The purpose is to find other reasons behind domestication in the translated literature published under a ‘Fundamentalist’ administration in power in contemporary Iran. To achieve this purpose, the manipulations imposed by the administration on the published translations are used to study and cast light on a kind of state-imposed domestication and its motivations. Thus, the source and target texts of four American novels translated under this administration were compared and the mismatches in the translated texts were analyzed. The results showed that the world pictured in the Persian versions had been rendered closer to the social and cultural conditions in Iran, hence a kind of domestication. Therefore, it can be claimed that: 1) domestication is not confined to powerful cultures such as the Anglo-American culture; the Iranian culture, too, resorts to this translation strategy, but in a different manner, i.e. in order to maintain its sociopolitical stability and prevent the infiltration of foreign cultures. 2) domestication can become the dominant translation strategy under the influence of institutions of power and as a result of the policies adopted by those institutions.
