ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ دﺳﺘﻮر ﻧﻘﺶ و ارﺟﺎع و دﺳﺘﻮر ﻧﻘﺶ ﮔﺮاي ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻨﺪ در ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي اﻓﻌﺎل زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ: ﻧﻮع ﻋﻤﻞ درﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ فرآيند

Comparing the Efficiency of Role and Reference Grammar and Systemic Functional Grammar in Classification of Persian Verb: Aktionsart versus Processes

ازﻧﻈﺮ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻫﺎي ﻧﻘﺶ ﮔﺮا، ﺑﺸﺮ زﺑﺎن را ﺑﻪﻣﻨﺰﻟﮥ اﺑﺰاري ﺑﺮاي اﯾﺠﺎد ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﻪﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ آﻧﭽﻪ در ﺟﻬﺎن رخ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ، ﺑﭙﺮدازد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ در زﺑﺎن ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎ و رﺧﺪادﻫﺎ، ﯾﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﺒﺎرﺗﯽ اﯾﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي اﻣﺮ وﺟﻮد دارد، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ، ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ در اﻧﮕﺎرة دﺳﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﻧﻘﺶ ﮔﺮا، ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي اﻣﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﻮر ﻧﻘﺶ و ارﺟﺎع و دﺳﺘﻮر ﻧﻘﺶ ﮔﺮاي ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻨﺪ و ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان دو ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﮔﺮا، در ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي اﻣﺮ در زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ. داده ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺴﺖ وﺟﻮ در ﺗﺎرﻧﻤﺎي ﮔﻮﮔﻞ ﺑﻮك و ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪود ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﻪ ﻫﻔﺖ رﻣﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ، ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﺑﺘﺪا ﺳﺎزوﮐﺎر ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي اﻣﺮ در دو روﯾﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﭘﺲ از آن داده ﻫﺎي زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي دﺳﺘﻮر ﻧﻘﺶ و ارﺟﺎع ﻣﺒﻨﺎي زﻣﺎﻧﯽ و ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي دﺳﺘﻮر ﻧﻘﺶ ﮔﺮاي ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻨﺪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ دارد، اﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ دو ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﺑﺮ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﺮ دو دﺳﺘﻮر ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ رﺧﺪادﻫﺎ و وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬارﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ دﺳﺘﻮر ﻧﻘﺶ ﮔﺮاي ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ رﻓﺘﺎر زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﻌﻞ دارد و اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﺑﻨﯿﺎد ﺑﻮدن و ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻮع ﻋﻤﻞ مختلف در ﺣﻮزة ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ واﺣﺪ، از ﺿﻌﻒ ﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﻮر ﻧﻘﺶ ﮔﺮاي ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ. در دﺳﺘﻮر ﻧﻘﺶ و ارﺟﺎع ﺑﺎ درﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ رﻓﺘﺎر زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﻌﻞ، داراﺑﻮدن ﻧﮕﺎﻫﯽ رده ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﮐﺸﯿﺪن ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي دﻗﯿﻖ ﺗﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻧﻮاع ﻓﻌﻞ، اﯾﻦ ﻧﺎرﺳﺎﺋﯽ ﻫﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻪﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺧﻮرد

The aim of the present research is to verify similarities and differences between Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFG), as two functional theories of grammar, in the classification of states of affairs in Persian. The obtained results showed that although RRG has a temporal base and SFG has a semantic base, these two classifications could have correspondence with each other. Since the distinction between situation and event in the classification of verbs is the similarity between these two models. However, no attention to verbal behavior of verbs in classification, English-based analysis, and a process containing many actions are the deficiencies of SFG model. Whereas, RRG's classification is mainly based on verbal behavior of verbs. Moreover, through its typological view, the distinction between different verbs is more precise. As a result, the findings of the research proved that RRG is an effective approach in the classification of verbs in Persian.