وزن در ﺑﺌﺸﻠﯿﮏﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﮐﯽ آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎﻧﯽ

Metrics in Azerbaijani Turkish Beshliks

ﺸﻠﯿﮏﻫﺎ اﺷﻌﺎر ده ﻫﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺑﺌﺸﻠﯿﮏ ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در آﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺼﺮاع ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ده ﻫﺠﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ دو ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻫﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﻫﺮ ﺑﻨﺪ از ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﺼﺮاع ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻻزار در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺷﻌﺎر ﭘﺎرﺗﯽ 1985 و 2007 و دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻃﺒﯿﺐزاده و ﻣﯿﺮﻃﻼﯾﯽ 1392 از اﺷﻌﺎر ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ و ﻓﻬﻠﻮﯾﺎت ﻣﺒﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ وﺟﻮد ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﺠﺎي ﺳﺒﮏ و ﯾﮏ ﻫﺠﺎي ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ در ﻫﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وزن در ﺑﺌﺸﻠﯿﮏﻫﺎي اﺑﻮاﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازﯾﻢ. ﻻزار، وزن اﺷﻌﺎر ﭘﺎرﺗﯽ را ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﮑﺮار ﺿﺮبآواﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽداﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﯿﺖ ﻫﺠﺎ در ارﺗﺒﺎطاﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮ ﺗﮑﯿﮥ ﮐﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﺮروي ﻫﺠﺎي آﺧﺮ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ 50 ﻣﺼﺮاعِ 500 ﻫﺠﺎﯾﯽ، در ﭘﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ. ﻓﺮﺿﯿﮥ اول اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻫﺠﺎﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ وزﻧﯽ ﯾﺎ اﯾﮑﺘﻮس ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ، ﻫﺠﺎﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻓﺮﺿﯿﮥ دوم اﯾﻨﮑﻪ در ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻫﺠﺎﻫﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ، در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن واژه ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ و درﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ، ﺗﮑﯿﮥ واژﮔﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. ﻓﺮﺿﯿﮥ ﺳﻮم ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﮑﺚ ﺷﻄﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﮑﺚ در ﺑﺌﺸﻠﯿﮏﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﺷﻌﺎر ﻋﺎﻣﯿﺎﻧﮥ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﻗﻄﻊ اﺳﺖ، ﯾﻌﻨﯽ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎً در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن واژه ﻗﺮار ﻧﻤﯽﮔﯿﺮد، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ در وﺳﻂ واژه ﻫﻢ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ

Beshliks are ten-syllable verses and are called so because every hemistich contains ten syllables which is divided into two five-syllable parts and each stanza contains four hemistiches. The metrics of Abolghasem Nabati were analyzed based on the studies of Lazard (1985, 2007) which asserts that there are one or more light syllables and one heavy syllable in every foot,. In investigating Parthian folk poetries, Lazard refers to ictuses which are related to syllable quantity and are not located on word stresses but are always located on the last syllable of the foot. Fifty hemistiches of Turkish folk verses were analyzed considering these three hypothesis: first, the ictic syllable is a heavy syllable; second, if the ictus is not a heavy syllable, it is the final syllable of the word and therefore takes lexical stress; third, as in Turkish folk poetries, the pause takes place in the middle of the word as well as at the end of the word. The results showed that 95.5% of the syllables which took the ictus place were heavy syllables and the rest (4.5%) were light syllable at the end of the words. Also, 56% of the pauses were located in the middle of the words.