بررسي تفكر انتقادي در رسالۀ قشيريه و طبقات الصوفيه بر اساس مدلهاي واتسون – گليرز و مايرز

Investigation of Critical Thinking in Resaleh-Ghosheyrie and Tabaghat-Alssufie

تفكر خلّاق با شاخصهايي نظير جستجوگري، انتقاد، پذيرش استدلالهاي درست، توانايي تطبيق داده ها، انعطاف­پذيري و نداشتن تعصب، اتخاذ موضع كردن، يكي از مولفه هاي مدرن در بررسي آثار آموزشي است. آموزه هاي عرفاني با انديشه هاي سنت­­ شكن در شالوده هاي فكري جامعه، بنمايه­ هاي پويايي فكري و تربيتي را با خود دارد. رساله قشيريه و طبقات الصوفيه هر دو از آثار عرفاني نخست به منظور آموزش و تربيت مريدان تاليف شده است. در اين پژوهش تلاش شده است كه براي نگاه همه جانبه به اين آثار هم از مولفه هاي تربيتي – آموزشي ( مدل واتسون گليرز) شامل 5 مورد مانند استنباط، شناسايي مفروضات، تعبير و تفسير و ... و هم از مولفه هاي ادبي (مدل مايرز) شامل 5 مورد از قبيل؛ كاربرد تمثيل و حكايت، طنز و انتقاد و ... استفاده شود. پس از بررسي داده ها در مدلهاي تربيتي- ادبي مشخص شد كه رسالۀ قشيريه در مولفه هاي آموزشي در استنتاج خلّاقتر بوده و به مولفه هاي ادبي كمتر پرداخته است. نويسندۀ طبقات الصوفيه هر پنج مورد از مولفه هاي ادبي را بكار برده و در مولفه هاي آموزشي در تعبير و تفسير خلّاقتر بوده است.

In the present study critical thinking in two of his dissertation mystical and sufiyya of the fifth century have been investigated. In the first chapter outlines the research, the need for research, methods and strategies demonstrated and explained that both authors are educational methods discussion and Conclusion can determine the next general thinking mystical works. In the second quarter literature contains definitions of terms and procedures were reviewed example the ability to create an analytical framework, avoiding prejudices and practices freely and creatively thinking.Among all the votes, the study on the basis of the Watson Glaser identification approach is based on five assumptions, inferences, conclusions, interpret and evaluate logical arguments. An attempt was made according to literary aspects of innovative five other factors taken into consideration include anecdotes, literary and chanting, allegory, satire and criticism In the third chapter the author's life and work were investigated. In the fourth quarter results were released in the previous two general criteria. In the fifth chapter, while the hypothesis was confirmed, the result obtained by the logic of anti-mystical works, the emergence of all the principles of rational thought and inference is impossible. However, it was shown in Tabaghat al-Sufiyya more effective than his dissertation author's Risaleh Qusheirie ; in also logical inference and deduction was more. Both due to an adherence to the ideas of the ancients, from some aspects, such as prejudice, logical reasoning assessment of inference and deduction had been unable to walk on the model of creative thinking.