بررسي و ارزيابي مساجد شهر ايلام از لحاظ داشتن عناصر مشترك

Investigation and Evaluation of Mosques in the City of Ilam in Terms of Common Elements

مسجد به عنوان عنصري اساسي در جامعۀ اسلامي همواره جايگاه مهمي در معماري ايراني - اسلامي داشته و از اين نظر مورد توجه بوده است. مساجد بر اساس معماري خاص خود، عناصر مشتركي دارند كه آنها را از ساير بناهاي مذهبي متمايز مي­ سازد؛ از جمله اين عناصر مي‌توان به گنبد، مناره، شبستان، محراب و صحن اشاره كرد كه با توجه به فرم و كاركردشان، در قسمت­هاي مختلف مسجد قرار مي­ گيرند. در اين مقاله، علاوه بر نگاهي به عناصر مشترك مساجد ايران، ­مساجد شهر ايلام نيز از نظر اجزاي تشكيل‌دهنده، مورد تحليل قرار گرفتند. اين پژوهش به روش توصيفي - تحليلي انجام شد و داده ­ها به شيوۀ پيمايشي و با مطالعات كتابخانه ­اي و مراجعه به محل (بررسي ميداني) گردآوري گرديد. نتيجۀ تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد كه از بين تمام مساجد شهر ايلام (27 مسجد) تنها دو مسجد جامع و صاحب‌الزمان، داراي تمامي عناصر مشترك مساجد ايراني هستند؛ همچنين در بين عناصر مورد اشاره، تنها شبستان و محراب در تمامي مساجد ايلام مشترك مي‌باشند و ساير عناصر تنها در بعضي از مساجد رعايت شده؛ به نحوي كه از مناره تنها در 15 مسجد، از صحن تنها در 10 مسجد و از گنبد تنها در 5 مسجد استفاده شده است و اين امر، ضعف موجود در معماري مساجد شهر ايلام را نسبت به ساير مساجد كشور نشان مي‌دهد.

Mosque as an essential element in human society has an important place in Iranian- Islamic architecture ­ so that its architecture has always been considered. According to their specific architecture, mosques have similar elements distinguishing them from other religious buildings including the elements; Domes, minarets, nave, altar and floor which based on their form and function are in different parts of the mosque. The current study investigates common elements in Iranian mosques. Also, the mosques in the city of Ilam have been analyzed according to their constituent components. The research method is descriptive – analytical and methods of data collection are survey field study and referring to the location for library study. The results show that there are about 27 mosques in the city of Ilam. Among the mosques surveyed only two mosques have all common elements such as the Iranian mosque Domes, minarets, nave, altar and floor are. Also, among the elements mentioned only two elements of the nave and the altar are common in all mosques of Ilam Mosques and other architectural elements are observed only in some mosques in such a way that the minaret of the mosque were in 15, using the mosque courtyard in 10, and the dome of the mosque was observed in five mosques. The lack of full application of the elements that have been identified as symbolized in mosques, approves the weaknesses of mosques in the city of Ilam compared to other mosques in the country. For this purpose, at the end of the article, some suggestions have been provided for solving the problems.