ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ روان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻓﺎﻋﻞ در زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺑﺮﭘﺎﯾﮥ ﻧﺤﻮ ﮐﻤﯿﻨﻪ ﮔﺮا

Psychological Evidence for Subject Position in Persian: A Minimalist Syntax

در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﮐﻪ آﯾﺎ در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺟﻤﻼت زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ، ﻓﺎﻋﻞ در ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﻮد در ﮔﺮوه ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮِ ﮔﺮوه زﻣﺎن ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ، ﺑﺤﺚ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺮي و ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ زﺑﺎﻧﯽِ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه اﺻﻠﯽ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، ﺑﻪ رﻏﻢ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ داراي ﺗﻮاﻟﯽ واژﮔﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﻌﻄﻒ در ﺟﻤﻼت اﺳﺖ، ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ در اﯾﻦ زﺑﺎن از ﺳﻮي ﻓﺎرﺳﯽزﺑﺎﻧﺎن ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در ﺗﻮاﻟﯽ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ داده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و اﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﭘﺮدازش آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ دو دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﭘﯿﺮاﻣﻮن ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻓﺎﻋﻞ در زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ روان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽِ زﺑﺎن ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺟﻤﻼت ﻻزم، ﻣﺘﻌﺪي و ﻣﺠﻬﻮلِ زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ، ﻫﻢ ﺳﻮ ﺑﺎ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه درزي و ﻣﺮزﺑﺎن 1393 و اﻧﻮﺷﻪ 1389، ﻓﺎﻋﻞ اﺑﺘﺪا در ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮِ ﮔﺮوه ﻓﻌﻠﯽ اﺷﺘﻘﺎق در ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮِ ﮔﺮوه زﻣﺎن ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. روشِ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ روشِ ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﮔﯿﺮي درﺑﺎرة ﺻﺤﺖ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

In response to this question whether subject stays in its thematic position within VP or moves to Spec, TP, theoretical debates and given language evidence do not provide sufficient information to determine the derived subject position in Persian sentences’ structure. In this regard, although Persian is a free word order language, the findings of this study show that the displacement of sentence elements in this language is distinguished as a change in the original sentence sequence by Persian speakers, and the change affects their processing time. In addition, considering two different perspectives on the subject's position in Persian and using the psychological evidence, in line with Darzi and Marzban (2014) and Anoshe (2010), we prove that in passive, transitive, and intransitive sentences’ structure in Persian, subject first merges in its thematic position within VP and then moves to Spec, TP.