مدل سازي پذيرش فناوري از سوي كاربران براي دستيابي به شهر هوشمند مطالعه موردي : مراكز استان

Modeling Information Technology Adoption by Users in Capital Cities

تكوين فناوري‌هاي ديجيتال و در دسترس قرار گرفتن آنها، عملياتي شدن نظريه شهر هوشمند و دولت الكترونيك را امكان‌پذير نموده است. سنسورهاي جمع‌آوري داده‌هاي شهري، ابزارهاي ويرايش‌ آنلاين سامانه‌هاي اطلاعات مكاني و گوشي‌هاي هوشمند از جمله فناوري‌هايي‌اند كه به جمع‌آوري و گردش سريع اطلاعات شهري كمك مي‌نمايند. در زمينه شناخت، ارتقا و توسعه‌ ميزان دقت اين فناوري‌ها، تحقيق‌هاي فراواني منتشر شده است. با وجود اين درك دقيقي از چگونگي فرايند پذيرش و عملياتي كردن آنها توسط كاربران اعم از اشخاص يا سازمان­هاي شهري وجود ندارد. هدف اين پژوهش مدل‌سازي پذيرش فناوري توسط كاربران مراكز استان‌ها با به كارگيري مدل ساختار يافته مي‌باشد. اين مقاله به معرفي يك مدل اوليه شامل نُه سازه‌ مي‌پردازد كه براساس مرور ادبيات موضوع طراحي شده است. اين مدل براساس داده‌هاي 110 پرسشنامه از زاهدان مورد آزمون و اصلاح قرار گرفت. مدل اصلاحي با داده‌هاي حاصل از 428 پرسشنامه از بجنورد، اصفهان، شيراز و تبريز مورد اعتبارسنجي و اصلاح نهايي قرار گرفت. مدل نهايي به پنج سازه‌ كارآمد كردن فرد، قابليت بهره‌برداري، تسهيل در انجام امور، مزيت نسبي و سازگاري به عنوان اولويت نخست كاربران مراكز استان‌ها و به سه سازه‌ كيفيت كم خدمات، امنيت داده‌ها و ذخيره انرژي با عنوان كم اهميت‌ترين‌ها اشاره دارد. مدل پذيرش فناوري توسط كاربران مراكز استان‌ها، ابزاري مهم براي پيش‌بيني پذيرش فناوري براي مديران شهري است. نتايج حاصله مي‌تواند در جلوگيري از تأمين و اجراي ناموفق فناوري در مقياس كلانشهري كه هزينه‌هاي بالايي خواهند داشت، مؤثر باشد. مدل ارائه شده در اين مقاله مي‌تواند در شهرهاي كوچك مقياس نيز به عنوان تحقيق آتي مورد آزمون قرار گيرد.

Understanding individual acceptance and technology application is one of the most mature streams of technology adoption research. There have been several theoretical models, primarily developed from theories in psychology and sociology, employed to explain technology acceptance and use. The advancement and availability of digital technologies may facilitate the implementation of smart cities and e-government systems. Many policy makers tend to enhance the smart city performance in their countries, while there is not deep understanding of key factors and barriers to adopting required technologies by users. Digital technologies such as laser sensors for collecting data from urban environments, web-based versions of Geographic Information Systems, positioning systems and smartphones may help to collect and process more accurate data. There is a considerable amount of studies focusing on the introduction and development of the above-mentioned technologies, but current literature does not provide a deep understanding of the technology adoption process in developing countries. Furthermore, the process of technology adoption has not been investigated in the field of urban planning and management. Current studies in e-government are not fully focused on the local city council e-services. The present study aims to develop the Urban Technology Adoption Model consisting of such key constructs as Low Quality Services, Cost Reduction, Energy Saving, and Time Saving. This paper intensively reviews the literature and identifies nine key constructs to use for modeling the adoption process. The constructs are identified from different domains such as technology acceptance in information systems, project management and sustainable technologies. However, the concept of technology acceptance is used in the smart city context. A survey-based method was used to test the proposed model using the Structural Equation Modeling method. The proposed model was first modified based on a sample of 110 participants in a selected major city (MC1). The modified model was validated based on the data collected from four more major cities (MC2 to MC5). The analysis shows that five constructs are critical for predicting the participants’ adoption behavior including Self-Efficacy, Operation, Work Facilitation, Relative Advantage and Compatibility. These factors were the top priorities of MCs’ users. Low priority factors as determined by the participants included such constructs as Low Quality of Services, Perceived Security and Energy Saving. This model is a valuable tool to predict the process of technology adoption at the level of local government in the field of urban e-services and management. The results of the present study are important in preventing any unsuccessful technology implementation at local level. The findings are also critical for urban planners and technology managers in developing countries since they are the main target of modern technologies. The presented model in this paper should be modified for different contexts as a future research agenda. In addition, a decision-making framework should be developed in the future based on an exploratory study recruiting participants from the management level.