تبيين الگوهاي سياستي و تحولات سياست گذاري اجتماعي ايران درحوزه «مادري/ اشتغال»

The Analysis of policy patterns and Iran's Social Policy naking changes in the field of "maternal / Employment"

حوزه «مادري/ اشتغال» به همزماني نقش هاي مادري و شغلي براي زنان اشاره دارد كه از جهات مختلفي قابل تامل و نيازمند تدبير و مديريت است. تدابير حاكميت در راستاي تسهيل اين امر، تحت مقوله «سياست اجتماعي» كه از ابزار مديريت مخاطرات اجتماعي و پاسخ به نيازهاي گروه هاي خاص مي باشد قابل تحقق است. اين پژوهش با هدف فهم تحولات و الگوهاي حاكم بر سياست هاي اجتماعي در حوزه «مادري/ اشتغال»، با استفاده از روش تحليل محتواي كيفي انجام شده است. مهمترين نتايج اين پژوهش عبارت است از:1- سياست گذاري ايران در چهار دهه اخير به دليل تغيير تسهيلات ارائه شده بر اساس تعداد فرزندان، از مهمترين ابزارهاي تنظيم جمعيت به شمار رفته است. 2- سياست گذاري در اين حوزه، تاخيري و پسيني بوده است. 3- در سياست هاي تسهيلي ايران خدماتي در راستاي حمايت از شيردهي طبيعي مادران شاغل اختصاص داده شده است. اما افزايش گرايش به مصرف شيرخشك و ارتباط آن با سياست گذاري تسهيل مادري، مي تواند نشان دهنده عدم اجراي مطلوب سياست هاي مربوطه باشد. 4- برخي از تحولات نوشتاري خدمت پاره وقت، از كفايت آن كاسته است. 5- الگوهاي سياست گذاري ايران در شاخص هاي «جمعيت» و «مراقبت»، چندوجهي، عمدتاً مستقيم و به سمت ترويج و تحكيم الگوي «مرد نان آور/ زن مراقب» بوده است.

The field of ‘Maternal employment’ refers to the simultaneity of maternal and occupational roles for women, which can be considered in many ways and requires management. Government policies in order to facilitate maternal employment are under the category of ‘social policy’ that is one of the tools in social risk management and is a response to the needs of specific groups. This research has been conducted with the aim of understanding the developments and patterns of social policies in the field of ‘maternal employment’ using qualitative content analysis method. The most important results of this research are: 1. the Iran policy in this field has been considered as one of the most important tools for population adjustment in the last four decades due to the change of facilities provided according to the number of children. 2. Policies in this area have been dilatory. 3. Facilitation policies in Iran provided services to protect employed mothers who breastfeed their child. However, increasing the tendency toward consumption of baby formula and its relationship with maternal facilitation policies could indicate a lack of proper implementation of relevant policies. 4. Patterns of policy making in Iran in ‘population’ and ‘care’ indicators, have been multifaceted and mainly towards the promotion and consolidation of the model of ‘breadwinner man/ caregiver woman’. The Field Of "Maternal / employment" refers to the simultaneous roles of motherhood and Employment for women that needs to devise and macro management. Government policies in order to facilitate this are under the category of "social policy" that is one of the tools in social risk management and respond to the needs of specific groups. This research is done in qualitative content analysis and is used thematic analysis technique.The population studied is all of the rules and regulations adopted by the competent authorities from Islamic Revolution to present. The results of this study are: 1. Iran's policy in the field of "Maternal / employment" was the most important adjustment tools population and culture of the rule of Iran's population in the past four decades, 2. The policy in this field was delays and late, 3. Flexibility and balance the politics with the leading groups in childbearing, lifestyle changes and technical advances, isُnt the adequacy and sufficiency, 4. The patterns of policies to suit of demographic trends, the process of privatization or outsourcing of the government and a change of government or the executive management of the country have different forms, in different periods