فساد مالي و اشتغال زنان در كشورهاي منتخب

financial corruption and women employment in selected countries

آثار مخرب فساد مالي موجب شده است تا شناسايي راه كارهاي مقابله و كنترل آن همواره مورد توجه محققين باشد. در اين راستا در مقاله حاضر تلاش مي شود تا تاثير اشتغال زنان در بخش عمومي بر فساد مالي مورد بررسي قرار گيرد. براي اين منظور با استفاده از داده هاي آماري 45 كشور منتخب شامل ايران طي دوره زماني 2002 تا 2013 تاثير سهم نسبي اشتغال زنان در كل اشتغال بخش عمومي همزمان با ديگر متغيرهاي تاثيرگذار از جمله حاكميت قانون، درجه باز بودن و توليد ناخالص داخلي سرانه بر متغير وابسته فساد مالي مورد مطالعه قرار مي گيرد. نتايج حاصل از برآورد الگو به روش اقتصاد سنجي داده هاي تابلويي منعكس مي كند كه در پي افزايش سهم نسبي اشتغال زنان در كل اشتغال بخش عمومي، فساد مالي كاهش مي يابد. اين به مفهوم تاييد فرضيه تحقيق حاضر است. بنابراين به عنوان يك راهكار براي مقابله و كنترل فساد افزايش سهم نسبي اشتغال زنان در بخش عمومي مي تواند مورد توجه قرار گيرد. همچنين نتايج نشان مي دهد كه تاثير درجه باز بودن اقتصاد بر شاخص فساد مالي منفي و تاثير توليد ناخالص داخليسرانه و حاكميت قانون بر آن مثبت و معني دار است و كاهش فساد را در پي دارد.

The destructive effects of financial corruption have led researchers to identify coping strategies to control them. In this regard, the present paper seeks to examine the effect of women's employment in the public sector on financial corruption. To this end, using the statistical data of 45 selected countries including Iran during the period 2002-2013, the effect of the relative share of women's employment in the total employment of the public sector, along with other influential variables such as rule of law, degree of openness and GDP per capita, on the dependent variable of financial corruption is studied. The results show that an increase in the relative share of women's employment in the general employment of the general sector reduces financial corruption. This confirms the hypothesis of this research. Therefore, as a strategy for coping with and controlling corruption, increasing the relative share of women's employment in the public sector can be considered. The results also show that the effect of the degree of openness of the economy on the negative financial corruption index and the effect of GDP per capita and rule of law on it is positive and significant and leads to a reduction of corruption.The damaging effect of financial corruption has led to the identification and control strategies that are of interest to researchers. The paper attempts to make an impact on womens employment in public sector corruption to be investigated. For this purpose, using data from 45 selected countries including Iran in the period 2002 to 2013 the relative share of female employment in total employment impact of the public sector along with other influential variables including the rul of low, openness and GDP per capita on the dependent variable studied is corruotion. The results of the estimated model using panel data econometrics reflects an increase in the relative share of female employment in total employment reduced public sector corruption. That means approved the research hypothesis. Therefor, it is suggested to tackle and control corruption in the public sector to increase womens contribution. The results show that the impact on GDP per capita and the rul of low and reduce corruption index is positive and significant corruption is involved. Also similar to other empirical studies of corruption increasing degree of openness.