غم و شادي عرفاني و كيفيت آن در ديوان سنايي

Mystical Happiness and Grief and Its Quality in Sanaee's Divan

جايگاه غم و شادي به عنوان مهمترين حالات روحي انسان در زندگي او آشكار است. شاعران عارف ايراني در آثارشان مفصلاً به غم و شادي و انواع و جلوه­ هاي آن پرداخته ­اند كه با بررسي آن علاوه بر شناخت تفكرآنان درمورد غم و شادي انسان، مي­توان به ارائه ي راهكارهايي براي رساندن انسان به شادي هاي حقيقي و غيرزودگذر پرداخت. سنايي غزنوي به عنوان اولين شاعر عارف ايران، در كلياتش به تفصيل به انواع غم و شادي پرداخته و غم هاي محمود (غم هايي كه انسان را به شادي مي­ رساند) و شادي هاي محمود (حقيقي و بادوام) را از غم هاي مذموم (غم هايي كه در ظاهر با اهميت هستند اما انسان را دچار شديدترين اندوه ­ها مي ­كنند) و شادي هاي مذموم (زودگذر و فريبنده) جدا كرده و مصاديق و موارد هريك را مفصلاً بيان كرده است. در اين مقاله با روش تحليل محتوايي ديوان سنايي به بررسي انواع غم و شادي محمود و مذموم در شعر سنايي مي ­پردازيم و انديشه ي وي را درباره ي غم و شادي بيان مي­ كنيم.

The position of grief and happiness as the most important spiritual features in human life is obvious. According to many philosophers and scholars of the present time, the modern human as a result of getting stuck in the industrial life, suffers from isolation and disappointment. So, psychologists and scientists are searching for ways to establish balance between the modern human and his disrupted feelings. Iranian mystic poets have paid attention to grief and happiness and different kinds of them as well as their manifestations in their works. We can achieve guidelines for providing durable happiness for humans by studying their works besides knowing their thoughts about the issue of human grief and happiness. Sanaee Qaznavi as the first mystic poet in the Persian literature has spoken about grief and happiness in detail in his works. He divided grief and happiness into two groups: good grief and happiness, and bad grief and happiness (durable and stable and true happiness, and transient and untrue happiness). In this essay, we are going to study the various kinds of good and bad happiness and grief in sanaee’s works based on content analysis.