ماهيت اختيار و جايگاه آن در حقوق كيفري

The Essence of the Free Will and its Status in Criminal Law

اختيار بزه كار در ارتكاب جرم اگر چه غالبا به عنوان جزء اساسي در احراز مسئوليت كيفري قلمداد مي گردد، لكن مفهومي كه از آن اراده مي شود، معمولا مجمل و آميخته با ابهام است. به طوري كه گاه به جاي اراده ، قصد ، رضا و مانند آن استعمال شده است و همين امر موقعيت اختيار در نظريه عمومي جرم و مسئوليت كيفري را با چالش مواجه كرده است. در اين مقاله تلاش شده است با بهره گيري از منابع فقهي و موازين حقوقي، ضمن تبيين مفهوم اختيار به معني "آزادي در انتخاب"، آن را از ساير مفاهيم مشابه، متمايز ساخته و بر خلاف برداشتهاي غالب، نقش اختيار و زوال آن در تزلزل اركان جرم مورد بررسي قرار گيرد.

The freewill of offender in the crime, although often is considered as an important part in establishing criminal responsibility, but the concept that it will usually is ambiguous and mixed with ambiguity So sometimes instead of the will have been used intent,consent and the like and This position in the general theory of crime and criminal responsibility has been challenged. In this article we have tried using legal sources and standards, while explaining the concept of the meaning of "freedom of choice", is distinguished it from other similar concepts and Unlike most concepts, the role of freewill and the decline in the wavering elements of crime be examined. The nature of freewill is an important issue that has received less attention in legal publications. Although the debate about the freewill and its role in human responsibility is as old as human life and to have multiple dimensions, in various sciences, including philosophy, theology, psychology, ethics and law is discussed.