كليدواژه :
ادبيات تعليمي و اخلاقي , عناصر چندمعنايي , اخوان ثالث , نماد
چكيده فارسي :
ادبيات تعليمي يكي از كهنترين و پردامنهترين انواع ادب فارسي است. در ادبيات كلاسيك آموزهها بيشتر به صورت مستقيم و با صراحت بيان ميشدند و آرايهها و فنون ادبي ابزاري جهت تأكيد و تأثيرگذاري كلام بودند. در حالي كه در ادبيات معاصر از بيان صريح و مستقيم آموزهها پرهيز ميشود و انديشهها عمدتاً در لفافههاي بياني ارائه ميشوند. از اين رو درك بُعد تعليمي ادبيات و به طور اخص شعر در سدۀ اخير با گذشته متفاوت است و مفاهيم تعليمي و اخلاقي را بايد در پسزمينۀ شعر مشاهده كرد. براي اين كار بايد اسلوب عمدۀ بيان غيرمستقيم در شعر نو را در نظر داشت. نماد عمدهترين شگرد هنري شاعران نوپرداز در بيان معني در شعر معاصر به شمار ميآيد. پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا بُعد تعليمي و اخلاقي شعر مهدي اخوان ثالث را به بحث بگذارد و چگونگي تبلور يافتن غيرمستقيم و ضمني مضامين اخلاقي همچون: ظلمستيزي، جهل ستيزي، وطنخواهي، اعتراض و انتقاد به وضع موجود و... را در قالب نماد در شعر او نشان دهد.
چكيده لاتين :
Polysemy elements are among the most practical indirect expression styles in modern poetry. These elements in traditional literature most used to express mystical contents. In the contemporary era, according to time requirements and at the same time as changes in the poetics of poetry, an explicit and direct expression which included political, social, and critical subjects have been set aside and an ambiguous language used to the expression of these teachings. So these teachings reject from the layout of the poem to the background. The symbol is the most important artistic style of modern poets in the expression of meaning. In the present study, first, we will explain didactic literature and the place of this kind of literary element in contemporary literature and poetry and then point out the role of literary techniques and Polysemy elements, in particular, symbol, in the didactic literature and finally has discussed the didactic and ethical dimensions of the poetry of Akhavan Sales. In this research, the writers try to answer this question that What is the role of the symbol in the indirect and implicit appearance of ethical and didactic topics and what functions can be considered for that. According to this, we selected and reviewed Akhavan's new poems of the four poetry series. In the end, this result was obtained that didactic concepts in the Akhavan's poetry have more political and social aspects. Akhavan profited from symbol to expressing didactic issues. The most important functions of the symbol in this poems include: Adding to the ambiguity of the poem, Creating a coherent and deep tissue, Impact on the audience, and the movement from semantic to polysemy.