ژاك دريدا؛ شالوده‌شكني و دموكراسي

Derrida, Structuralism and Democracy

شالوده‌شكني راهبردي براي نشان دادن سهم فلسفه در رسيدن به معناي دموكراسي در جهان پسامدرن است. با نقد خودگرايي و ديگرستيزي سنت انديشه فلسفي، شالوده‌شكني در صدد بنيان نهادن اصول فلسفي متناسب با اصل ديگرپذيري و دموكراسي در دنياي پسادموكراسي است. از طرف ديگر مباحث دريدا در حوزه دموكراسي اجتماعي - سياسي، مانند دموكراسي آينده و چالش‌هاي پيش روي دموكراسي، نيز ريشه در انديشه ‌فلسفي او دارند. بدين ترتيب دموكراسي و شالوده‌شكني دو روي يك سكه‌اند و فهم يكي بدون توجه به ديگري ميسر نيست. اين ارتباط، ناگسستني و ضروري است، و تفكر دريدا در باب فلسفه و سياست بر مدار آن شكل مي‌گيرد. دموكراسي آينده نيز بعنوان نتيجه ‌اين ارتباط، آيينه ‌فلسفه و سياست دريدايي است. بررسي نحوه ‌پيوند فلسفه شالوده‌شكنانه و دموكراسي و چگونگي تأثير و تأثر متقابل اين‌دو برسازنده ‌خطوط اصلي اين مقاله خواهد بود.

Deconstruction is a strategy for demonstrating the contribution of philosophy to achieving the meaning of democracy in the postmodern world. It seeks to establish philosophical principles consistent with the principle of tolerating others and democracy in the post-democracy world. Meanwhile, Derrida's ideas in the field of socio-political democracy, such as future democracy and its oncoming challenges, are also rooted in his philosophy. Hence, democracy and deconstruction are the two sides of a coin, and one cannot be understood without the other. This connection is unbreakable and necessary and pivotal to Derrida's thinking about philosophy and politics. The breakthrough has come to suggest new horizons with the critique of modern systems including Western democracies that marginalized forces on the frontiers of democracy can actively participate in determining their own destinies. Contrary to positive methods, the underlying breach does not have a relative relation with the ultimate clarity of the Western society, and it is considered to be the fruits of the linear maturity of history. On the contrary, with the critique of metaphysical systems, it is a strategic breakthrough, so that the inertia of the universe becomes the instrument of successive negotiation. As far as the subject of this article is concerned, it attempts to define the Western metaphysical breakdown, then it shows how Derrida has benefited from this strategy in order to open up the political blockade of Western democratization with ongoing openings. The study of the link between deconstructive philosophy and democracy and how they interact with each other will be the cornerstone of this article.