سياست‌هاي اقتصادي حكومت پهلوي ‌دوم در زمينه صنعت با تأكيد بر روابط ايران و آلمان از 1340تا1357ش/1961تا1978م

Economic Policies of the Second Pahlavi regarding Industry, with an Emphasis on the Relations between Iran and Germany (1961-1978)

محمدرضاشاه پهلوي پس از پادشاه‌شدن تلاش كرد كه ايران را به كشورهاي اروپايي نزديك كند. افزايش چشمگير بهاي نفت برگ برنده حكومت بود تا به‌ سوي آرمان‌هاي پيش‌بيني‌شده حركت كند؛ به‌اين‌ترتيب، بسياري از صنايع به كشور وارد شدند. پس از جنگ‌ جهاني دوم، آلمان نياز داشت محصولات صنعتي خود را بفروشد و مواد اوليه وارد كند و ايران مي‌توانست از تأمين‌كنندگان مهم منابع اقتصادي آلمان باشد؛ با اين رويكرد، رفت‌وآمدهاي سياسي و اقتصادي نمايندگان اين كشور به ايران افزايش يافت. كنار اين صنايع، در ايران مدارس فني آلماني براي انتقال دانش فني آغاز به كار كردند. در پژوهش حاضر، سياست‌هاي اقتصادي حكومت پهلوي ‌دوم در زمينه صنعت با روش توصيفي و تحليلي و با مراجعه به اسناد، مدارك آرشيوي، كتاب‌ها و مطبوعات بررسي مي‌‌شوند. همچنين هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسي سياست‌هاي اقتصادي اين دوره است كه به ورود صنايع مختلف به ايران منجر شدند و به ‌دنبال پاسخگويي به اين پرسش است كه سياست‌هاي اقتصادي حكومت پهلوي ‌دوم در زمينه صنعت، به‌ويژه با استفاده از صنايع آلماني، چه تحول كمي و كيفي در راستاي نوسازي صنايع ايران ايجاد كرد؟. براي يافتن پاسخ اين پرسش، ابتدا اجمالي سياست‌هاي اقتصادي پهلوي‌ دوم را واكاوي و سپس روابط با كشورهاي ديگر را در زمينه صنعت و قراردادها و انگيزه‌هاي اين فعاليت‌ها را بررسي مي‌كنيم.

After ascending to the throne, Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi tried to approximate the face of Iran to that of European countries dramatically. Meanwhile, impressive increase of oil price became the trump card in the hand of the second Pahlavi governments, by which to move toward the predicted goals. As a result, various small scale and large scale industries entered Iran and started to work as the main symbols of modernization. Germany had a special position among the industrial countries exporting industries to Iran, and much attention had been drawn to it. Germany, especially after the Second World War, needed to sell its industrial products and import raw material, thus Iran’s market could be considered one of the important economic recourse suppliers for Germany. With this mutual approach, many small and large German factories were sold to Iran and economical and political commutes of this country’s representatives to Iran increased. In addition to these industries, German technical schools started to work in order to transfer technical knowledge. In the present research, we investigate economic policies of second Pahlavi’s Governments in relation to industry with an emphasis on Iran-Germany relations. We use a descriptive-analytic method, and take advantage of the research period archive documents, books and media. The research aims to evaluate the economic policies in the second Pahlavi period which led to light and heavy industries entering Iran. The present research seeks to answer the question that what qualitative and quantitative changes did the second Pahlavi government’s industry-related policies made, especially using German industry, to modernize Iranian industry? In order to find the answer, we explain briefly Muhammad Reza Shah rising to power in the beginning, and then after entering the research period, we focus on the second Pahlavi economic policies, Iran foreign relations in the field of light and heavy industries, contracts and the motives of these activities.