تحولات نظرى فقه سياسى شيعه از مشروطيت تا انقلاب اسلامى

THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF THE SHIITE POLITICAL FIGH FROM THE MASHROOTE MOVEMENT TO THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION

از دوره مشروطيت به بعد شاهد غلبه گفتمان جديدى در فقه سياسى شيعه يعنى «تعطيل نبودن حكومت در عصر غيبت» و به تبع آن، كنار رفتن گفتمان «تعطيلى حكومت در عصر غيبت» هستيم. اين تحول گفتمانى در فقه سياسى در پى شكل گيرى اجتهاد جديدى در فقه شيعه مطرح شد و بر عرصه علمى شيعه تسلط يافت. عوامل عمده شكل گيرى آن را مى توان بسط تحقيقات اصولى، تأثير مكتب ملاصدرا، افزايش نفوذ اجتماعى فقها و ناكار آمد دانستن نظام استبدادى از سوى فقها، دانست.

From the Mashrooté movement onward, a new discourse in the Shiite political Fiqh took over which implied that the responsibilities for Faqihs to rule over the Islamic society is not suspended during the Period of Absence. As a result, the discourse of "the suspension of ruling during the Period of Absence" was discarded. This discursive change in the Shiite political Fiqh was the result of the formation of a new form of Ijtihad in the Shiite political Fiqh, which dominated the Shiite scientific atomsphere. The extension of researches within the framework of Ilm Al-Qsul, the impact of the school of thought of Mullah Sadra, the improvement in the social status of Faqihs, and the inadequacy of despotic systems of ruling are the main causes of the formation of this new discourse.