بررسي و نقد مباني نظريه سياسي ولايت امت بر خويش

The Foundations of Political Theory on the Authority of Nation on Itself

فقيه لبناني معاصر، محمدمهدي شمس الدين تحت تأثير نظريه دولت مشروطة فقيه ايراني،» ولايت امت بر خويش «ميرزا محمدحسين ناييني، نظريه اي سياسي وضع كرد كه به نظريه مشهور است. او با استفاده از مجموعه اي از مباني فقهي و كلامي مي كوشيد اثبيا كنيد است و فقيه تنها از آن رو كه عضوي از امت است، حق مشاركت دارد و داراي حق ويژه اي نيست. او از قاعده عدم الولايه، اصل ولايت انسان بر خويش، ولايت امت در منطقه فراغ، عرفي بودن و نامقدس بودن موضوع قدرت و دولت، تعطيل مباني كلامي نظريه هاي قديم دولت و اعتبار شورا به عنوان مبناي نظام سياسي ولايت امت استفاده مي كند. اين مقاله به بازخواني مباني نظريه ولايت امت و نقد آن مي پردازد و به اين نتيجه مي رسد كه اين نظريه نتوانسته است بنيان نظري استواري براي ولايت امت فراهم كند و از حدود ولايت فقيه انتخابي فراتر نرفته است.

The contemporary Lebanese jurisprudent, Mohammad Mahdi Shamseddin, affected by the theory of constitutional government of Iranian jurisprudent, Mirza Mohammad Hossein Naeeni, developed a political theory known as the theory of authority of nation on itself Taking advantage of the jurisprudential and theological bases, he endeavors to confirm that the political authority in occultation era is the exclusive right of the nation and the jurisprudent is of the right of cooperation since he is a member of community and he is not of a particular right. He utilizes the rule of lack of authority, the principle of human authority on himself, the authority of nation in Mantaqat al-Faraq, the normality and non holiness of authority, government and validity of council as the basis of the political system of authority of the nation. This article reviews the foundations of the theory on the authority of the nation and its criticism to answer the question whether this theory has been able to provide a firm theoretical foundation in favor of the authority of nation.