بررسي عوامل موثر بر رفتار استفاده از كودهاي زيستي به وسيله كشاورزان استان البرز

Investigation of Farmers’ Environmental Behavior Components about Bio-Fertilizers Application (The Case of Alborz province)

زمينه و هدف: امروزه مصرف كودهاي زيستي به‌عنوان جايگزين كودهاي شيميايي به همراه كاهش خطرهاي زيست محيطي، رفتار زيست محيطي كشاورزان را تحت تأثير قرار داده است. بنابراين، هدف اين مطالعه، بررسي عوامل مؤثر بر رفتار استفاده از كودهاي زيستي به وسيله كشاورزان استان البرز بود. روش بررسي: جامعه آماري تحقيق كشاورزان استفاده‌كننده از كودهاي زيستي بودند كه 45 نفر از آن‌ها به روش نمونه‌گيري انباشتي مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. ابزار جمع آوري داده‌ها پرسش‌نامه بود كه روايي محتوايي آن با كسب نظر از پانل متخصصان و پايايي مقياس‌هاي آن با استفاده از ضريب آلفاي كرونباخ (بالاتر از 0/7) بررسي و تأييد شد. يافته‌ها: نتايج نشان داد كه رفتار زيست محيطي كشاورزان درخصوص استفاده از كودهاي زيستي از سطح متوسط بيش‌تر بود. هم‌چنين، بين سطح زير كشت، ميزان ادراك زيست محيطي و اقتصادي اثرات استفاده از كودهاي زيستي و ميزان عوامل انگيزشي براي مصرف كودهاي زيستي با كل مؤلفه‌هاي تشكيل دهنده رفتار زيست محيطي كشاورزان مورد مطالعه رابطه مثبت و معني‌داري وجود داشت. بحث و نتيجه گيري: بر اساس نتايج تحليل رگرسيون مشخص شد كه متغيرهاي ميزان ادراك زيست محيطي و اقتصادي اثرات استفاده از كودهاي زيستي، ميزان عوامل انگيزشي براي مصرف كودهاي زيستي، ميزان سطح زير كشت و ميزان دسترسي به ادوات مورد نياز براي استفاده از كودهاي زيستي، حدود 43 درصد از تغييرات متغير وابسته را تببين كردند.

Background & Objective: Nowadays consumption of bio fertilizers as alternative of chemical fertilizers with decreasing environmental hazards has been affected farmers' environmental behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the components of Alborz province farmers’ environmental behavior about bio fertilizers application. Method: The statistical population was farmers who were using bio-fertilizers that 45 of them were studied by snowball sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire that validity of it was obtained by a panel of experts and reliability of scales examined by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (greater than 0.7). Findings: The result indicated that farmers’ environmental behavior about use of bio fertilizers was more than intermediate level. In addition, there is a significant and positive correlation between a total of constitutive components of environmental behavior of the farmers and cultivated area, rate of environmental and economic perception of bio fertilizers application effects and rate of motivation factors for bio fertilizers consumption. The results of regression analysis revealed that the variables of: rate of environmental and economic perception of bio fertilizers application effects and rate of motivation factors for bio fertilizers consumption, cultivated area, the rate of access to devices needed for use of bio fertilizers explained about 43% of variation of the dependent variable. Discussion and Conclusions: Considering that the level of environmental and economic perception of the effects of the use of bio-fertilizers on farmers and the motivating factors for the use of bio-fertilizers are the most important factors in predicting the behavior of using bio fertilizers, therefore, mass media can provide programs about the consumption of bio-fertilizers, improve the motivation of farmers to use bio-fertilizers. Also it seems that there is no need to specific machinery for the use of fertilizers, by familiarizing farmers with bio-fertilizers, they can be encouraged to use them, and the process of accepting bio-fertilizers is accelerating by transferring subsidies from chemical fertilizers to bio-fertilizers.