اثربخشي برنامهٔ شناختي افق زماني بر واكنش‌هاي هيجاني، اميدواري و بهزيستي مادران كودكان با اختلال رفتاري

The effectiveness of Time Perspective Cognitive Program on Emotional Reactions, Hope and Well-being in Mothers of Children with Behavioral Disorder

هدف: والدين كودكان با اختلال رفتاري در واكنش‌هاي هيجاني با چالش‌هاي زيادي مواجه مي‌شوند. واكنش‌هاي هيجاني نامناسب منجر به اميد به‌ زندگي و بهزيستي روان‌شناختي كمتر مي‌شود؛ بنابر اين، پژوهش حاضر به‌‌منظور بررسي اثربخشي برنامهٔ شناختي افق زماني بر واكنش‌هاي هيجاني، اميدواري و بهزيستي مادران كودكان با اختلال رفتاري صورت گرفت. روش‌بررسي: پژوهش حاضر، مطالعهٔ شبه‌آزمايشي با طرح پيش‌آزمون - پس‌آزمون و گروه كنترل بود. جامعهٔ آماري اين پژوهش را مادران كودكان با اختلال رفتاري در شهرستان ورامين تشكيل دادند. آزمودني‌ها به‌روش نمونه‌گيري تصادفي انتخاب شدند، به نحوي كه اعضاي هر گروه 15 نفر بود. گروه آزمايش، در 10 جلسه، آموزش برنامهٔ شناختي افق زماني را دريافت كردند؛ درحالي‌كه گروه كنترل در اين جلسات شركت نكرد. ابزارهاي اين پژوهش مقياس افسردگي، اضطراب و استرس؛ پرسشنامهٔ اميد ميلر و مقياس بهزيستي روان‌شناختي بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از تحليل كوواريانس چند متغيري در سطح معناداري 0٫05 تحليل شد. يافته‌ها: نتايج نشان داد كه گروه آزمايش و كنترل در واكنش‌هاي هيجاني، اميدواري و بهزيستي در مرحلهٔ پس‌آزمون تفاوت معناداري داشتند (0٫001

Background & Objective: Behavioral disorders are as one of the most frequent neurodevelopmental disorders and the common cause that children referred psychologists and professionals. Adding to their behavioral problems, many children with behavioral disorders also have issues of interaction and relationship with their mothers, fathers, brothers, sisters, and peers. The enduring nature of social reaction easily leads to social isolation. This cause is that children and adolescents with behavioral disorders have a few friends. Sometimes they attempt onto the least chance for interaction with others and set up a vicious circle. It seems that time perspective cognitive program training could improve the mother-child interaction and reduce behavioral problems of children with behavioral disorders. The time perspective cognitive program training has a considerable effect on the attitude of a parent than their children, because these children are facing main problems in behavior and interaction with a parent. Parents, especially mothers of children with behavioral disorders in emotional reactions face many challenges. Undoubtedly, inappropriate emotional responses in families with a child with a behavioral disorder can be the beginning of mental disorders and lead to lower life expectancy and psychological well-being. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the time perspective cognitive program on emotional reactions, hope, and well-being in mothers of children with behavioral disorder. Methods: The present research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test design, and control group. The participants were 30 mothers who have children with behavioral disorder aged 25-38 years old in 2017-2018 academic years. They were from middle socioeconomical class. Subjects were selected by random sampling method from schools Varamin province. They divided into experimental and control groups, each group consisting of 15 mothers randomly. The experimental group participated in time perspective program training in 10 sessions (two sessions weekly; each lasts for 45 minutes), while the control group did not. Tools used for assessment of all participants were Depression, anxiety, stress scale; Miller hope scale; and Psychologıcal well-beıng scale (PWBS). Mothers completed the Depression, anxiety, stress scale; Miller hopes scale; and Psychologıcal well-beıng scale (PWBS) in pre-test and post-test. Data collected through the questionnaire before and after the training sessions. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) used with the 23rd version of the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) (p<0.05). Results: The first, normality of variables and contingency of variance and covariance assumptions tested. The Kolmogorov Smirnov test showed that all variables were normal. Also, Box test confirmed contingency of variance-covariance assumption. So, assumptions of multivariate analysis of covariance test confirmed and can be used the multivariate analysis of covariance test for analysis of data. Results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that experimental and control groups had a significant difference, at emotional reactions, hope and well-being variables in the post-test stage (p<0.001). The results of multiple analysis of covariance showed time perspective cognitive program training had a significant effect on emotional reactions of depression, anxiety, stress, hope and well-being in mothers who have children with the behavioral disorder (p<0.001). Time perspective cognitive program training has led to the reducing emotional reactions, increase hope and well-being in mothers who have children with the behavioral disorder. It can be said that according to Eta square 49%, 69%, 68%, 71%, and 64% of variations in variables such as on emotional reactions of depression, anxiety, stress, hope, and well-being respectively, can be explained by the subjects’ participation in time perspective cognitive program. Conclusion: The time perspective cognitive program training can emotional reactions of depression, anxiety, the stress of the mothers of children with behavioral disorder and improve their hope and well-being. Based on the finding of this research, planning for such training programs similar to the time perspective cognitive program has a vital role on the emotional reactions, hope, and well-being in mothers of children with the behavioral disorder.