بررسي تحليلي ويژگي‌هاي زيستي‌محيطي مادران در دوران بارداري بر كم‌وزني هنگام تولد نوزادان

A Study of the Role of Biological – Environmental Characteristics of Pregnant Mothers on Birth Weight

زمينه و هدف: كم‌وزني هنگام تولد، از شاخص‌هاي مهم بهداشتي هر كشور است. اين پژوهش با هدف بررسي تحليلي ويژگي‌هاي زيستي‌محيطي مادران در دوران بارداري بر كم‌وزني هنگام تولد نوزادان انجام شد. روش‌بررسي: پژوهش حاضر كاربردي و از نوع علي‌مقايسه‌اي بود. در اين پژوهش جامعهٔ آماري مطالعه‌شده را تمامي مادران نوزادان كم‌وزن و وزن مطلوب متولد‌شده در فاصله‌ٔ زماني اول‌مهرماه1393 الي اول‌ مهرماه 1394 شهرستان قوچان (3311نفر) مادر تشكيل دادند. سپس، باتوجه به مشخص‌بودن فهرست نوزادان و پرونده‌هاي زايماني موجود، پروندهٔ 70 نوزاد به‌روش نمونه‌گيري دردسترس انتخاب ‌شده و مادرانشان براي بررسي ويژگي‌هاي زيستي‌محيطي (سابقهٔ سقط جنين، فشارخون غيرطبيعي، ضربه به شكم در دوران بارداري) به پرسشنامهٔ ويژگي‌هاي زيستي و رواني و اجتماعي والدين افروز پاسخ دادند. سپس داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخهٔ 20 تجزيه‌ و‌ تحليل شد. يافته‌ها: نتايج آزمون دقيق فيشر نشان داد سابقهٔ سقط جنيني تأثير معنا‌داري بر وزن نوزاد هنگام زايمان دارد (0٫001>p). نتايج آزمون كاي‌دو مشخص كرد داشتن سابقهٔ فشارخون مادر در دوران بارداري داراي تأثير معنا‌دار بر كاهش وزن نوزادان به‌هنگام زايمان است (0٫001>p). همچنين نتايج آزمون كاي‌دو براي اين داده‌ها نيز بيان كرد رابطهٔ معناداري بين ضربه به شكم مادر در دوران بارداري با وزن نوزاد در هنگام تولد وجود دارد (0٫001>p). نتيجه‌گيري: نتايج مطالعهٔ حاضر بيانگر ارتباط وزن كم نوزادان به‌هنگام تولد با سابقهٔ فشارخون و ضربه به شكم مادران در دوران بارداري است.

Objective: Birth weight is a major indicator of infant health. Infants with low birth weight face high risk of disability and a number of other medical and psychological problems more than infants with normal weight birth. Given the importance and the role of low birth weight in the mortality and morbidity of neonates and the costs of care, the aim of this research was to investigate the role of biological - environmental characteristics of pregnant mothers on Birth weight. Methods: The study employed a Causal-comparative design. The study population consisted of all mothers who gave birth in Quechan-Iran from October 2015 to September 2016. The sample consisted of 70 infants, who were selected by convenience sampling from population. Criteria for participation in this study was to give birth to infants born alive with birth weigh less than 2500 gram and exclusion criteria was incomplete questionnaires by mothers. The data was gathered by a questionnaire. A number of statistical procedures including ANOVA and Chi square tests were used to test the research hypotheses. Results: Finding of Fisher test showed that history of abortions during pregnancy had significant difference on weight of birth in infants (P>0.001 ), The weight of infants with mothers who had not history of abortions during pregnancy were more than weight of infants whose mothers had history of abortions during pregnancy. Finding of Chi square test showed that history of high blood pressure during pregnancy had significant difference on weight of birth in infants (P>0.001). On the other hand, The weight of infants with mothers who had not a history of high blood pressure during pregnancy were more than weight of infants whose mothers had history of high blood pressure during pregnancy. The results of chi square test showed that history of trauma during pregnancy had significant effect on birth weight (P>0.001). The weight of infants with mothers who had not a history of trauma during pregnancy were more than weight of infants whose mothers had a history of trauma during pregnancy. Conclusion: The results showed factors associated between low birth weights were history of high blood pressure and a history of trauma during pregnancy. Thus, the etiology and identification of biological factors associated with low birth weight is recommended.