كليدواژه :
مهارت‌هاي زندگي , سلامت عمومي , حل‌مسئلهٔ اجتماعي , اختلال نارسايي توجه/فزون‌كنشي
چكيده فارسي :
هدف: اختلال نارسايي توجه/فزون‌كنشي يك اختلال عصب روان‌شناختي است كه تأثيرات عميقي بر روابط فرد با ساير اعضاي خانواده و فضاي كلي حاكم بر اين محيط مي‌گذارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعيين اثربخشي آموزش مهارت‌هاي زندگي بر سلامت عمومي و مهارت حل مسئلهٔ اجتماعي مادران داراي فرزند مبتلا به اختلال نارسايي توجه/فزون‌كنشي انجام شد.
روش‌بررسي: روش پژوهش از نوع شبه‌‌آزمايشي با طرح پيش‌آزمون - پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه بود. در اين پژوهش از مادران داراي فرزند با نارسايي توجه/فزون‌كنشي مراجع به كلينيك‌هاي مشاورهٔ شهر گلپايگان 20 نفر از مادران داوطلب واجد شرايط به‌شيوهٔ هدفمند انتخاب و به‌صورت تصادفي در دو گروه گواه و آزمايش جاي‌گماري شدند. مداخله در 10 جلسه در گروه آزمايش صورت گرفت. از پرسشنامه‌هاي حل‌مسئلهٔ اجتماعي (دزوريلا و همكاران، 2002) و سلامت عمومي (گلدبرگ وهيلير، 1972) در مرحلهٔ قبل و بعد از آموزش استفاده شد. براي تحليل نتايج از آزمون تحليل كواريانس تك‌متغيره با سطح معناداري (0٫01>P) استفاده شد.
يافته‌ها: نتايج تحليل كوواريانس نشان داد آموزش مهارت‌هاي زندگي بر سلامت عمومي (0٫01>P) و مهارت‌هاي حل‌مسئلهٔ اجتماعي (0٫01>P) مادران داراي فرزند مبتلا به اختلال نارسايي توجه/فزون‌كنشي مؤثر بود.
نتيجه‌گيري: بنابر نتايج اين پژوهش به درمانگران در حيطهٔ كار با خانواده‌هاي داراي فرزند اختلال نارسايي توجه/فزون‌كنشي توصيه مي‌شود آموزش مهارت‌هاي زندگي را جهت ارتقاي سلامت عمومي و مهارت‌هاي حل‌مسئلهٔ اجتماعي اين خانواده‌ها مورد توجه قرار دهند.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objective: Disordered attention/hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common disorders of pediatric psychiatry. In the fifth
diagnostic guide and statistical classification of mental disorders, the incidence rate for this disorder was 2.5% for adults and 5% for children.
Children with hyperactivity due to problems such as strain, restlessness, and insufficiency of attention, have a profound effect on their
relationships with other family members and the overall environment governing this environment. The presence of these children in each family
affects the structure of that family and overwhelms the mental health of the family, especially the parents. In such a situation, although all family
members and their function are harmed, the problems associated with childcare associated with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder,
especially the mother, are at risk for mental illness. Mothers are usually responsible for daycare, especially when children are younger.
Consequently, when there is a problem, the mother feels most discomfort and this affects their mental health and compatibility. Life skills are
skills that are used to enhance communication, increase decision-making power, and manage and understand themselves. The promotion of life
skills, including coping skills and psychosocial skills, is effective in improving the quality of life and enhances the psychological ability of the
individual to cope effectively and address conflicts and life successes. These abilities enable the individual to act positively and consistently
about other human beings in society, culture, and environment and to provide his or her public health. Research evidence has shown that life
skills training has a positive effect on self-esteem, self-esteem, and responsibility of individuals, and this leads to social support and the attention
of others who are reducing stressors. Socially disadvantaged methods can increase risk behaviors. Studies have also shown that problem-solving
ability is associated with depression and social phobia. Social problem solving can increase situational coping and behavioral competence. These
skills can prevent or reduce emotional distress. Learning problem-solving skills in dealing with challenging situations with a general level of
health and reducing stress-related mental health problems is directly related. The low social problem solving is due to incompatible cognitive
processes that make it difficult for a person to deal effectively with problematic situations or to provide practical solutions. Therefore, inefficient
problem-solving skills may cause vulnerability to mental health problems or exacerbate existing problems. Life skills education plays an essential
role in mental health. Training these skills prepares the individual to overcome the tensions and issues that face the individual and the community.
The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on general health and social problem solving of mothers
with children with attention deficit disorder.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with the control group. In this study, 20 mothers with
children with attentional and hyperactivity disorder selected from counseling clinics in Golpayegan city. They were randomly assigned to control
and experimental groups. An intervention conducted in 10 sessions in the experimental group. The social problem-solving questionnaires
(Dizarilla et al., 2002) and general health (Goldberg & Hoiller, 1972) used before and after the training. For analysis, covariance test was
performed using SPSS-22 software.
Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that life skills training had a significant effect on general health (P<0.001) and social problemsolving
skills (P <0.001) in mothers with children’s attentional/hypertensive disorder.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is recommended that therapists work with families with children with attention-deficit /
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to develop life skills education to promote general health and social problem-solving skills of these families.
