حضور و عالمداري در ملاصدرا و هايدگر

Presence and being in the world in Mulla Sadra and Heidegger’s philosophy

علم حضوري انسان به خودش، بنيان حضور وي نزد خود و شهود مستقيم هستي است. ملاصدرا با تكيه بر نفس به عنوان هستي كه عين شناسايي و قلمرو تلاقي وجود و علم است، آدمي را از ورطه تقابل غيرقابل رفع ذهن و عين نجات مي دهد. آدمي با حضور نزد خود، هستي خويش را متصل به عالم خارج مي يابد. يافتن خود در ميان موجودات و داشتن نسبت خاصي با هستي، به معناي داشتن «عالم» است. هايدگر نيز با تكيه بر نسبت خاص انسان با هستي و توانايي انسان بر تفسير و ارزيابي هستي و فرارفتن از هستي، مساله حضور و عالمداري را مطرح مي كند. بنابراين مي توان گفت حضور آدمي نزد خود، بنيان عالمداري اوست و از اين لحاظ، ملاصدرا و هايدگر مشابهت بسياري به يكديگر دارند.

Human’s knowledge by presence to himself is the foundation of his presence in his sight and direct intuition of the being. Mulla Sadra has rescued human being from the insurmountable gap of contradiction between subject and object relying on the self as a being which identifies the being and knowledge. The mankind by his presence finds his existence connected to the external world. Finding the self in the midst of creatures and having a specific relation with the world means being in the world. Heidegger also raises the issue of presence and being in the world regarding human’s specific relation with the world and his ability to interpret and evaluate the existence and being beyond-existence. Therefore, it can be said that human’s presence in itself is the basis of his being in the world. By this consideration, there are many similarities between Sadra and Heidegger’s doctrine.