پديد آورندگان :
سليمانپور، ليلا دانشگاه شيراز - دانشكده كشاورزي داراب - بخش اگرواكولوژي , نادري، روح اله دانشگاه شيراز - دانشكده كشاورزي داراب - بخش اگرواكولوژي , بيژن زاده، احسان دانشگاه شيراز - دانشكده كشاورزي داراب - بخش اگرواكولوژي , امام، يحيي دانشگاه شيراز - دانشكده كشاورزي - بخش زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
كليدواژه :
تريتيكاله , جو , كشاورزي پايدار , گندم , نسبت برابري زمين
چكيده فارسي :
كشت مخلوط غلات-لگوم يكي از بهترين راه‌ها براي افزايش عملكرد در واحد سطح مي‌باشد. به‌منظور، بررسي تأثير كشت مخلوط بر عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد باقلا و نخود در تركيب با برخي غلات، اين آزمايش در دانشكده كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي داراب، دانشگاه شيراز در سال زراعي 94-1393 انجام شد. در اين آزمايش 16تيمار شامل 10تيمار تك‌كشتي (گندم، جو، تريتيكاله، نخود و باقلا با و بدون حضور علف‌هرز) و شش تيمار كشت مخلوط (گندم+ نخود، گندم+ باقلا، جو+ نخود، جو+ باقلا، تريتيكاله+ نخود و تريتيكاله+ باقلا با علف‌هرز) در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي (RCBD) در سه تكرار اجرا شد. تيمارهاي آزمايش كه شامل تيمارهاي كشت مخلوط و تك‌كشتي با و بدون علف‌هرز بودند، تأثير معني‌داري بر وزن هزار دانه، تعداد غلاف در واحد سطح، تعداد دانه در غلاف، عملكرد دانه، عملكرد بيولوژيك و شاخص برداشت لگوم‌ها و نسبت برابري زمين داشتند. نتايج نشان داد كه تيمارهاي تك‌كشتي بدون حضور علف‌هرز بالاترين عملكرد دانه، عملكرد بيولوژيك و شاخص برداشت را تحت تأثير تيمارهاي آزمايش داشتند. با وجود اين، تيمارهاي كشت مخلوط از لحاظ عملكرد دانه و شاخص برداشت، مشابه يا برتر از تك‌كشتي‌هاي با علف‌هرز بودند. عملكرد دانه و شاخص برداشت در كشت مخلوط گندم + باقلا در مقايسه با تك‌كشتي با علف‌هرز باقلا، به‌ترتيب 102 و 93درصد بيشتر بود. نسبت برابري زمين در تمام تيمارهاي كشت مخلوط، در مقايسه با تك‌كشتي‌هاي با علف‌هرز بيشتر از يك بود. از آنجا كه غلات نسبت به لگوم‌ها داراي قدرت رقابت بيشتري هستند، به‌نظر مي‌رسد كه براي افزايش كارآيي بايد تراكم بيشتري از لگوم‌ها را در تركيب با غلات به‌كار برد. همچنين براي كاهش تداخل علف‌هاي‌هرز و افزايش عملكرد در نخود و باقلا، كشت مخلوط آن‌ها با غلات توصيه مي‌شود.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Cereal-legume intercropping is one of the best ways to increase the yield per unit area (to decrease the detrimental effect caused by weeds and to reduce application of fertilizers and herbicides. Stoltz et al. (2014) in a study on corn-pea intercropping reported that crops yield in intercropped plots was significantly greater than that of monoculture. It has been reported that barley-faba bean intercropping led to an increase in total grain yield and it could cause a decrease in weed biomass. Considering the importance of intercropping to reach stability and sustainability in production, the aim of this study was to assess the changes in yield and yield components of faba bean and pea in intercropping with wheat, barley and triticale under weedy conditions in southern Fars Province.
Materials & Methods
A field experiment was performed in the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University during 2014-2015. Treatments included 10 monoculture (wheat, barley, triticale, pea and faba bean with and without weeds) and 6 intercropping (wheat + pea, wheat + faba bean, barley + pea, barley + faba bean, triticale + pea and triticale + faba bean with weeds) which laid out based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Irrigation intervals were 8 and 12 days based on environmental conditions. Weeds were hand weeded twice, at tillering and booting stages of cereals. After crop maturity, plants were hand harvested to measure yield and yield components. Additionally, partial land equivalent ratio (LER) was calculated. The partial land equivalent ratio has been defined as a measure of efficiency of an intercrop or mixture. The LER compares land areas required under single or sole cropping to give the yields obtained from the component crops of the mixture. Values greater than 0.5 indicate intercropping to be more efficient than sole cropping in terms of land use, while values less than 0.5 indicate a loss in efficiency due to intercropping. Values equal to 0.5 indicate that the components fully share the same limiting resource. The data analyzed by using MSTATC ver2.10 software (1991). Since the number of the plants was not similar in all the plots, the data was subjected to analysis of covariance.
Results & Discussion
Results showed a significant effect of treatments on 1000-seed weight of pea, number of pod per m2, number of seed per pod, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and LER. The greatest 1000-seed weight of pea, number of pod per m2, seed yield and harvest index obtained in intercropping of wheat + pea (366.7 g), weed-free pea monoculture (1317), weed-free faba bean monoculture (4149 kg/ha) and weed-free faba bean monoculture (46.46 %), respectively. The highest number of seed per pod was obtained in intercropping of barley + faba bean (3.7), weed-free faba bean monoculture (3.29) and intercropping of wheat + faba bean (2.93), respectively. Total and partial LER of legumes in all intercropping treatments compared to weedy monoculture was greater than 1 and 0.5, respectively. The results showed that weed-free monoculture treatments had the highest grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. However, crop yield and harvest index in intercropping treatments were similar or superior to weedy monocultures. For instance, grain yield and harvest index in intercropping of wheat + faba bean was higher than those of in weedy faba bean monoculture, 102 and 93 %, respectively. In general, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index of pea and faba bean in weed-free monocultures treatments was higher than weedy monocultures and intercropping treatments. Grain yield and harvest index of intercropping was similar or higher than those of weedy monocultures.
Conclusion
Total and partial LER of legumes in all intercropping treatments compared to weedy monoculture was greater than 1 and 0.5, respectively. Since cereals are more competitive than legumes, it seems for increasing the efficiency of intercropping; a higher density of legumes should be used. Additionally, for reducing weed interference and increasing yield in pea and faba bean, the use of cereal-legume intercropping is recommended.
