پديد آورندگان :
رحمانيان، مهدي دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي - دانشكده كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه علوم باغباني، اردبيل، ايران , اسماعيل پور، بهروز دانشگاه محقق اردبيلي - دانشكده كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه علوم باغباني، اردبيل، ايران , هاديان، جواد دانشگاه شهيد بهشتي - پژوهشكده گياهان دارويي، تهران، ايران , شهرياري، ملك حسين دانشگاه خليج فارس - دانشكده كشاورزي و منابع طبييعي - گروه علوم باغباني، بوشهر، ايران
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: Organic fertilizer, such as vermicompost and spent mushroom compost (SMC) have a large nutrient
value, mainly as nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) (Elliot and Dempsey, 1991). These compounds
could therefore be used in the production of vegetables and medicinal plants to reduce the harmful effects of
chemical fertilizers and increase soil fertility (Benton and Wester, 1998). Summer savory has many biological
active ingredients in its essential oil, which are widely used today in the pharmaceutical and food industries
(Hadian, 2008). The main objective of this research was to study the effect of vermicompost and SMC on the
growth indices, micronutrient content and essential oil in savory shoots (Satureja hortensis L.).
Materials and methods: A pot experiment was conducted on savory (Satureja hortensis L.) in a completely
randomized design in the research field of Mohaghegh Ardabili University. Treatments included volume ratios of
zero (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of vermicompost and SMC in washed and unwashed conditions.
At the end of the growth season, the growth traits measured included plant height, shoot and root fresh and dry
weight, number of leaves, number of main stems, number of lateral branches, leaf area and chlorophyll. Essential
oil of savory was extracted using Clevenger's hydro-distillation apparatus. In order to measure essential oils and
their constituents, a gas chromatograph (GC) and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument (GC/MS)
were used. Quantities of copper, iron, manganese and zinc were measured through an atomic absorption
spectrometer, GBC Avanta P (Emami, 1996).
Results and discussion: The results showed that an application of vermicompost in the substrate had a significant
effect on the growth characteristics of savory (p < 0.01). The maximums in plant height, plant dry weight, plant
fresh weight, number of leaves, root length, leaf dry weight and chlorophyll index were achieved with an
application of 10% vermicompost to the basic substrate. Most of the measured traits such as plant height, plant
fresh weight, number of leaves, root fresh weight, number of main stem and chlorophyll, significantly decreased
when a higher percentage of vermicompost was added to the substrate. This may be due to the high electrical
conductivity, the production of phenolic compounds and the accumulation of heavy metals and their toxicity in
high proportions of vermicompost. The control treatment, however, obtained the lowest plant height, plant fresh
weight, leaf area, leaf number, root dry weight, number of main stems and leaf dry weight to plant weight. This
indicates the positive effect of vermicompost and SMC on savory growth. The highest essential oil content (2.45%)
was observed in 30% vermicompost treatment. Treatment of 40% unwashed SMC showed the lowest percentage
of essential oil (1.8 %), significantly different from other treatments (p < 0.01). Results of the effect of different
treatments on the content of micronutrients in plant shoots illustrated that the highest Fe content in shoot was
revealed in 40% unwashed SMC, although the most Zn content was found in 50% unwashed and washed SMC.
Furthermore, the plants grown in 20% and 30% of vermicompost and washed SMC had the highest Cu in the shoot
of savory. The application of organic fertilizers did not significantly the increase of Mn content, and even decreased
it in some cases.
Conclusion: In general, this study showed that the use of proper proportions of vermicompost and SMC in the
soil can have a positive impact on the growth index, essential oil percentage and the content of the micronutrients
of savory. The use of high ratios of organic fertilizer to the soil, however, could reduce most of the traits in savory.
