تدوين ابزار سنجش سطح تعادل كار - خانواده و بررسي وضعيت اين مفهوم براساس برخي ويژگي هاي فردي و سازماني: موردپژوهي معاونان مدارس شهرستان ورامين

Developing a work-life balance (WLB) questionnaire and assessing this concept based on some individual and organizational characteristics; a case study of Varamin’s schools vice-presidents

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻣﻮر ﻛﺎري و ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺎن ﻣﺪارس ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن وراﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ و از اﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﮔﺎﻣﻲ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻻزم ﺟﻬﺖ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ دو ﺣﻮزه ﺑﺮدارد. از ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﺎرض ﻛﺎر و ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺗﻌﺎدل در ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﻧﺒﻮد ﺗﻌﺎرض ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس، اﻟﮕﻮي ﺗﻌﺎرض ﻛﺎر- ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻛﺎرﻟﺴﻮن و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران( 2000) ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻳﻦ ﻣﺪل ﺗﻌﺎرض ﻛﺎر ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﻪ دو ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮد؛ اﻟﻒ) ﺗﻌﺎرض ﻧﻘﺶ- ﻫﺎي ﻛﺎري ﺑﺎ اﻣﻮر ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ب) ﺗﻌﺎرض ﻧﻘﺶﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﺑﺎ اﻣﻮر ﻛﺎري. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از اﻳﻦ دو ﺣﻮزه از ﺳﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﺎرض ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از زﻣﺎن، ﺗﻮانﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﻲ و رﻓﺘﺎر ﻣﻮردﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺟﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪاي ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ 400 ﻧﻔﺮ از اﻋﻀﺎي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﻴﺮي ﻃﺒﻘﻪاي ﻧﺴﺒﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. در اداﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل ﻣﺬﻛﻮر اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ اﺑﺰار ﻻزم، ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ اﺑﺰار و ﺳﻨﺠﺶ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺣﻮزه ﻛﺎر و ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻛﺎرﻛﻨﺎن ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ اﺑﺰار ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ رواﻳﻲ ﺻﻮري ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪي (CFA) داده ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﻳﻦ اﺑﺰار، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روشﻫﺎي آﻣﺎر ﻧﺎﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﻫﻢﭼﻮن ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻣﻦ و ﻛﺮوﺳﻜﺎل واﻟﻴﺲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ از آن ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﻌﺎدل اﻣﻮر ﻛﺎري و ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺖ، ﺷﺎﻏﻞ ﺑﻮدن ﻫﻤﺴﺮ، ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼت، ﺳﻦ، ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻛﺎري و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻓﺮزﻧﺪان در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺎن ﻣﺪارس ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ.

This research’saimis developing a valid instrument and investigating the work-life balance status among Varamin’s schools vicepresidents. The research is going to step forward in order to develop the necessary programs to create more balance between the two areas. From a historical point of view the balance of work and life is studied based on work life conflict theories. Accordingly, Carlson et al.’s model was used as the conceptual framework. Based to this model work-family conflict is formed in two ways; A) Work affairs interfere with family roles B) Family roles interfere with work affairs. Each of these ways is considered from three perspectives (time, strain, behavior). In order to do this research and using stratified sampling, 400 employees were selected as the sample According to this framework the questionnaire was developed and its validity (face and structural) was confirmed by experts and CFA. Non-parametric methods including Friedman and Kruskal–Wallis were used to analyze the gathered data. The results showed that the non-work and work life balance was changed based on the sex, spouse employment status, education, age, work experience and number of children.