تحليل و بررسي هويت شغلي با تاكيد بر شناسايي ابعاد و مولفه هاي آن

Analysis and study of Career identity with emphasis onits dimensions

ﻫﻮﻳﺖ در ﭘﻲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﭼﺮاﻳﻲ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻓﺮد ﺑـﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﮔـﺮوه و ﻋـﺪم ﺗﻌﻠﻖ و ﻣﺮزﺑﻨﺪي وي ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑـﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﺳﻮال ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ او ﺧـﻮد را در ﮔـﺮوه ﻫـﺎي ﻣﺘﻔـﺎوت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮز ﺑﻨﺪي ﻫﺎي ﮔﺎه ﭘﺮرﻧﮓ و ﮔﺎه ﻛـﻢ رﻧـﮓ دﺳـﺘﻪ ﺑﻨـﺪي ﻛﻨﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺗﺎﺟﻔﻞ و ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﻻﻧﺪن ﺗﻼش ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ اﻓـﺮاد ﺷـﺎ ﻏﻞ در اﻳﺮان را ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ؛ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ اﺳﺎس دو ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ-ﻫﺎ و وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ و ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻮده و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣـﺎري ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﻏﻠﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎﻻي 18 ﺳـﺎل ﻛﺸـﻮر اﺳـﺖ و ﺑـﺮاي ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﮔﻴـﺮي از روش ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﺑـﺎ 1710 ﻧﻔﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼـﺎدﻓﻲ از ﺧﻮﺷـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺷـﺪه اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭼﻬـﺎر ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ«اﻫﻤﻴـﺖ ﺷﻐﻞ»، «ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﻓﺮد ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻐﻞ»، «دﻟﺒﺴـﺘﮕﻲ و واﺑﺴـﺘﮕﻲ ﻋـﺎﻃﻔﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺷﻐﻞ» و «ﺟﻬﺖﮔﻴﺮي ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي ﻓﺮد در ﺷﻐﻞ» ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ اﻛﺜﺮﻳـﺖ ﺷـﺎﻏﻼن ﻛﺸـﻮر در ﺣـﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ اﺳﺖ وﻟﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ در ﻣﺮدان ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از زﻧـﺎن و در ﺟـﻮان ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﺑﺰرﮔﺴﺎﻻن اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣـﻲ دﻫـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﻘـﺶ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺷﻐﻞ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻛﻢ رﻧﮓ اﺳـﺖ وﻟـﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ اﻓﺮاد ﺟﻮان ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣـﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ و اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﻳﺞ در ﺣـﺎل ﺑﺮﺟﺴـﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪن اﺳﺖ.

Identitytry to discover of the identity individual belonging to a group and disorientation and its boundaries with other groups. The answer to this question is that man makes himself the boundaries in different social groups, sometimes bold, sometimes a pale categorize. In this study we use Tajfel’s social identity and London’s Career Identity theories. The research method was Survey and statistical population is over 18 years old and employed for multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. The sample size is 1710 people randomly selected set of clusters. Based on the findings of four factors "important career", "commitment to the career", "attachment and emotional attachment to the career" and "individual career orientation in employment" in order to identify the components of professional identity respectively.