تبيين عقلاني و عقلايي امرِبه‌معروف و نهي‌ازمنكر

The Intellectual and Rational Explanation of "Enjoining What is Right and Forbidding What is Wrong

امرِبه‌ معروف و نهي‌ ازمنكر يكي از مهم‌ترين فرايضي است كه كتاب و سنت بر آن تأكيد بسيار نموده است. برخي از فقيهان، وجوب اين فريضه را شرعي و نقلي دانسته و عقل و عُقلا را از ادراك وجوب اين فريضه عاجز انگاشته‌اند؛ اما برخي ديگر قائل به عقلي و عُقلايي بودن وجوب اين فريضه شده، و آيات و روايات را ارشاد به حكم عقل و عُقلا شمرده‌اند. طرفداران وجوب عقلي و عُقلايي به قواعد وجوب لطف، دفع ضرر محتمل، حفظ نظام، شُكر منعم، اعانه بر بر و تقوي، و دلايل لزوم منع از تحقق مبغوض مولا و حفظ حدود آزادي تمسك نموده‌اند. از ميان اين ادله، قواعد وجوب لطف و اعانه بر بر و تقوي و لزوم منع از تحقق معصيت و مبغوض مولا از اثبات ادعاي ايشان قاصر است؛ اما بقيۀ دلايل مي‌تواند وجوب عقلي و عُقلايي اين فريضه را اثبات كند. پيداست كه دلايل عقلي وجوب فريضه، همان فلسفۀ حكم شمرده مي‌شوند؛ البته، شبهاتي نيز دربارۀ آن بيان شده كه پاسخ داده مي‌شود.

One of the most important obligations that the Holy Quran and tradition have emphasized is "enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong". Some Jurists have considered the religious necessity of this obligation to be religious and narrative, and they have considered intellect and intellectuals incapable of perceiving the religious necessity of this obligation. Others, however, have attached the necessity of this obligation of being the rational and intellectual, and have considered the verses and narratives as guides of the command for intellect and intellectuals. The fans of rational and intellectual obligation have resorted to reasons for the principle of grace, the principle of preventing contingent damage, maintaining the system, gratitude for the gifts, contribution to goodness and piety, and the principle for necessity of prevention of being hated by the Lord and maintaining the limitations of freedom. These reasons cannot be proved about the principle of grace, contribution to goodness and piety and the necessity of prevention for being hated by the Lord, but the rest of the principles can be proved by the rational and intellectual reasons, including this obligation. It is obvious that the intellectual reasons for the necessity of obligation is the same as the philosophy of ruling. Of course, there are some doubts about it that are answered in this paper.