تبيين مفهوم و ويژگي‌هاي شهر هوشمند

Explanation of Concept and Features of a Smart City

طرح مسئله : شهرها به‌طور ذاتي با چالش‌هاي پيچيده و گسترده‌اي (و مرتبط به هم) مواجه هستند كه تنها از طريق يك رويكرد سيستماتيك قابل حل است. به عبارت ديگر تجمع انبوه عظيمي از ساكنان منجر به آشفتگي و بي‌نظمي شده و شرايطي را به وجود آورده كه نه تنها تعادل شهرها را به سقوط كشانده، بلكه دستيابي به پايداري را با روش‌هاي كنوني اداره و توسعه شهري ناممكن ساخته است. در نتيجه برنامه‌ريزان شهري در سراسر جهان مي‌كوشند تا با نگاهي يكپارچه به تمامي ابعاد شهرنشيني، مدل‌هايي را براي توسعه شهرهاي قرن 21 به منظور پاسخ‌گويي به خواسته‌ها و انتظارات جديد دنياي امروز توسعه دهند. يكي از مفاهيم جديد جهت مقابله با چالش‌هاي كنوني شهرها در عرصه برنامه‌ريزي شهري، توسعه شهر هوشمند است كه در طول سال‌هاي اخير توجه زيادي را به خود جلب كرده است. شهر هوشمند به عنوان محور تحول و توسعه هزاره مطرح شده و به معناي گشايش مفاهيمي نو در برنامه‌ريزي شهري است كه قابليت‌هاي جهان واقعي و مجازي را براي حل مشكلات شهري با هم تركيب مي‌كند. هدف تحقيق : هدف كلي اين تحقيق ارايه يك پايه و اساس براي تحقيقات در زمينه شهر هوشمند است. در واقع به دنبال تبيين نظري مفهوم، معاني، ابعاد، مشخصه‌ها، شاخص‌ها، باورهاي متعارف و چالش‌هاي پيش روي شهر هوشمند از طريق تجزيه و تحليل عميق و ژرف ادبيات مرتبط در اين حوزه با به بحث گذاشتن اين مفهوم است. روش تحقيق : روش تحقيق توصيفي تحليلي است. نتايج تحقيق : نتايج اين تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد علي‌رغم ادبيات گسترده در مورد مفهوم شهر هوشمند، هنوز يك درك روشن و واضح و اجماع عمومي در اين‌باره وجود ندارد و محققان حوزه‌هاي علمي مختلف محتواي متنوعي را پيشنهاد كرده است.

Statement of the problem: Cities inherently encounter complex, interrelated, and widespread challenges that can only be solved through a systematic approach. In other words, the accumulation of a huge mass of people has led to chaos, and created the conditions that not only led to the collapse of the balance of the cities but also achievement of stability is impossible with the current methods of administration and urban development. As a result, urban planners around the world are trying to provide models with an integrative perspective to all aspects of urbanization development in the 21st century in order to meet new demands and expectations of today. One of the new concepts that deals with the current challenges in the field of urban planning is development of a smart city that has attracted much attention in recent years. Smart City has been raised as a pivotal factor of the Millennium Development that can open new concepts in urban planning and combine capabilities of real and virtual world to solve urban problems. Research goal: The aim of this study is to provide a foundation for researches in smart cities. In fact, it aims to explain the concept, meanings, dimensions, attributes, indexes, conventional beliefs, challenges and risks facing the smart city theoretically through profound analysis of relevant literature in this field and discussing the concept. Research Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical. Results: The results show that despite extensive literature on the concept of smart cities, a clear understanding and consensus on this issue does not exist and various academic researchers have suggested various contents. So that some smart technologies are considered as the only or least important component of the smart city, others have suggested a definition that goes beyond technology and believe that technology adoption is not the end. Technologies can be used in cities to empower citizens by adapting these technologies to their needs rather than adapting their lives to the requirements of technology. In addition, the meaning of a smart city is multifaceted. The key point is that cities must respond to changes in the context in which they operate. Moreover, what should be considered as intelligent depends on a variety of underlying conditions such as the political system, geography and dissemination of technology. In fact, smart solutions simply cannot be copied; therefore, the value for each field should be evaluated differently.