Modeling and simulation of directional hardening in metals during non-proportional loading

In this paper, the formulation and numerical implementation of a phenomenological model which accounts for directional hardening effects in metals subjected to non-proportional loading is outlined. This model generalizes that of Teodosiu and Hu [C. Teodosiu, Z. Hu, Microstructure in the continuum modelling of plastic anisotropy, in: Proceedings of the 19th Risø International Symposium on Materialʹs Science: Modelling of Structure and Mechanics of Materials from Microscale to Product, Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, 1998, pp. 149–168] to general strain-path changes. Indeed, as discussed briefly here, this model predicts directional hardening only for strain-path changes involving unloading and reloading. After demonstrating the ability of the current model to predict directional hardening for general loading path changes, it is applied to the simulation of springback after deep drawing and ring splitting.