Strain localization at dislocation channel–grain boundary intersections in irradiated stainless steel

The interaction of dislocation channels with grain boundaries in irradiated stainless steel was observed on multiple length scales using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) digital image correlation (DIC) and confocal microscopy (micro-scale), in situ straining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (nano-scale), and atomistic modeling (atomic scale). Interactions were divided into three classifications; slip transmission, discontinuous slip, and discontinuous slip that induced grain boundary slip. DIC and confocal microscopy were used to quantify the plastic strain at dislocation channel–GB intersections. In situ TEM was used to image dislocations inside of channels as they interacted with the grain boundary. Slip in the dislocation channels, as observed by TEM, was found to involve cross slip between different slip planes, as well as the possibility of different slip systems activated on parallel slip planes. Atomistic simulations agreed well with experiments on the nature of channel-grain boundary interactions and also showed elevated levels of elastic stress at DC–GB intersections where slip was discontinuous with no slip transmission. The two distinct classifications of discontinuous slip are significant, suggesting two possible cracking mechanisms that both lead to the rupture of the oxide over the grain boundary.