Variation and their relationship of NAM-G1 gene and grain protein content in Triticum timopheevii Zhuk.

NAM is an important domestication gene and valuable to enhance grain protein contents (GPCs) of modern wheat cultivars. In the present study, 12 NAM-G1 genes in Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. (AAGG, 2n = 4x = 28) were cloned. These genes had the same length of 1546 bp including two introns and three exons, and encoded a polypeptide of 407 amino acid residues which contained a N-terminal NAC domain with five sub-domains, and a C-terminal transcriptional activation region (TAR). They were highly similar to the previously published functional NAM-B1 gene from T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides Körn. (AABB, 2n = 4x = 28) in both the nucleotide and protein sequences, with a very high identity of 99.5%. The differences among the 12 NAM-G1 genes resulted from 17 SNPs including 14 transitions and 3 transversions. They had outstandingly different expression levels in qRT-PCR. And, their relative expression quantities were significantly positively correlated with GPC of the accessions. In addition, the difference in amino acid sequences of the NAM-G1 genes may also affect the GPC variation.