Ductile failure of cylindrically porous materials. Part II: other cases of symmetry

In a companion paper (Part I) we investigated the plane stress case in order to compare it with specific tensile tests. In the present paper, the Gurson problem is investigated in other cases of symmetry, including the most general 3D-plane case. Once the problem is outlined, we will present its formulation in terms of limit analysis (LA), then a new method to obtain a linear programming (LP) problem very suitable for modern LP codes based on Interior Point algorithms. The results indicate that a Gurson-like formulation cannot correctly represent the general solution, as in the plane stress case of Part I. A realistic global formulation could be specified in terms of all loading parameters, without using the restriction induced by an equivalent stress form.