Abstract :
We argue that at zero temperature an isolated metal particle (or an AB ring) with spin–orbit interaction and odd number of electrons will have a permanent magnetic moment, even in zero magnetic field (flux). In a zero-field-cooled state both the direction and the magnitude of the moment varies from particle to particle and averages to zero. In a field-cooled state it averages to ∼μB(kFℓ)1/2. We argue that the permanent moment is due to an uncompensated electron in the last occupied (Fermi) level. We introduce an effective single-electron Hamiltonian which accounts for spin–orbit coupling.
