Comparative study of turbulence models performance for refueling of compressed hydrogen tanks

Compressed hydrogen gas is a popular mode of fuel storage for hydrogen powered vehicles. When hydrogen gas is filled at high pressure, the gas temperature increases. The maximum gas temperature should be within acceptable safety standards. Numerical studies can help optimize the filling process. There is a high level of turbulence in the flow as the high velocity inlet jet is penetrating the nearly stagnant gas in the tank. Selection of a suitable turbulence model is important for accurate simulation of flow and heat transfer during filling of hydrogen tanks. In the present work, a comparative study is performed to identify suitable turbulence model for compressed hydrogen tank filling problem. Numerical results obtained with different turbulence models are compared with available experimental data. Considering accuracy, convergence and the computational expenses, it is observed that the realizable k-ε model is the most suitable turbulence model for hydrogen tank filling problem.