Production of adventitious root biomass and secondary metabolites of Hypericum perforatum L. in a balloon type airlift reactor

The effects of inoculum density, aeration volume and culture period on accumulation of biomass and secondary metabolites in adventitious roots of Hypericum perforatum in balloon type airlift bioreactors (3 l capacity) were investigated. The greatest increment of biomass as well as metabolite content occurred at an inoculum density of 3 g l−1 and an aeration volume of 0.1 vvm. After 6 weeks of culture, an approximately 50-fold increase in biomass was recorded containing 60.11 mg g−1 dry weight (DW) of phenolics, 42.7 mg g−1 DW of flavonoids and 0.80 mg g−1 DW of chlorogenic acid. Liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy demonstrated that the presence of quercetin and hyperoside in adventitious roots at a level of 1.33 and 14.01 μg g−1 DW, respectively after 6 weeks of culture. The results suggest scale-up of adventitious root culture of H. perforatum for the production of chlorogenic acid, quercetin and hyperoside is feasible.