Effect of sesame seed protein supplementation on the nutritional, physical, chemical and sensory properties of wheat flour bread

Sesame products (sesame meal, roasted and autoclaved sesame meals, sesame protein isolate and concentrate) were added to red wheat flour to produce blends at protein levels of 14, 16, 18 and 20%. Dough properties were studied using a Brabender Farinograph. Loaves were prepared from the various blends using the straight dough procedure and then evaluated for volume, crust and crumb colour, crumb texture, flavour and overall quality. The water absorption, development time and dough weakening were increased (P < 0.05) as the protein level increased in all blends; however, dough stability decreased. Sesame products could be added to wheat flour up to 18% protein level (sesame protein isolate) and up to 16% protein level (for other sesame products) without any observed detrimental effects on bread sensory properties. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were recorded in loaf volume between control and breads containing sesame protein isolate (up to 18% protein level) and either autoclaved sesame meal or sesame protein concentrate (up to 14% protein level). Also, addition of these products increased the contents of protein, minerals, total essential amino acids, especially lysine, and also improved the in vitro protein digestibility and computed biological value.