Synthesis of Sm-doped BaTiO3 ceramics and characterization of a secondary phase

Sm2O3-doped barium titanate ceramics with a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) were synthesized by solid-state reaction sintering. The electrical properties are related to the dopant content. The grain size decreases with increasing dopant content. Electron diffraction analysis revealed that a secondary phase with a space group of P6322 and lattice parameters a = 10.6 إ and c = 20.2 إ formed in the ceramics.